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History chapter review (#198)
* Add intro to history chapter * Improve paragraph breakdown Hopefully slightly less dense to read.
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@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
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\mainmatter
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\chapter{The history of sourdough}
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\input{history/sourdough-history}
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\chapter{How sourdough works}
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@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
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\chapter{The history of sourdough}%
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\label{ch:history}
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\begin{quoting}
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We will start this book by briefly talking about the long history of
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sourdough bread from ancient time, and how people used similar process for
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other food like beer. The discovery of yeast and how, together with
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machine development, revolutionized bread making. More recently
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communities formed around sourdough and home baking, trying to relearn
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lessons from the past.
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\end{quoting}
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Sourdough has been made since ancient times. The exact origins of fermented
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bread are, however, unknown. One of the most ancient preserved
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sourdough breads has been excavated in Switzerland.
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@@ -13,17 +24,17 @@ bread had already been made in \num{12000}~BC in ancient Jordan~\cite{jordan+bre
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Another popular story is that a lady in Egypt was making
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a bread dough close to the Nile river. The lady forgot the
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dough and returned a few days later. She noticed that the dough had
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dough and at her return a few days later, she noticed that the dough had
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increased in size and smelled funky. She decided to bake
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the dough anyway. She was rewarded with a much
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the dough anyway and was rewarded with a much
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lighter, softer, better tasting bread dough. From that day
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on she continued to make bread this way.
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Little did the people back then know that tiny microorganisms
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were the reason they made better bread. It is not clear when
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people started using a bit of the dough from the previous
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were the reason the bread was better. It is not clear when
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they started using a bit of the dough from the previous
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day for the next batch of dough. But by doing so, sourdough
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bread making was born. Wild yeast in the flour and in the air
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bread making was born: Wild yeast in the flour and in the air
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plus bacteria start to decompose the flour-water mixture, also
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known as your dough. The yeast makes the dough fluffy, and
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the bacteria primarily creates acidity. The different
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@@ -36,7 +47,7 @@ Quickly, similar processes were discovered when brewing beer
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or making wine. A small tiny batch of the previous production
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would be used for the next production. In this way, humans created
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modern bread yeasts, wine yeasts, and beer yeasts. Only in 1680,
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the scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek first studied yeast microorganisms
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the scientist Anton van~Leeuwenhoek first studied yeast microorganisms
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under a microscope. Over time with each batch, the yeasts and bacteria
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would become better at consuming whatever they were thrown at.
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By feeding your sourdough starter, you are selectively breeding
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@@ -86,7 +97,9 @@ the first packaged dry yeast was developed. This would ultimately
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allow bakeries and home bakers to make bread much faster.
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Thanks to pure yeast, building bread making machines was
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possible. Provided you maintain the same temperature,
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your yeast would always ferment exactly the same way. As fermentation
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your yeast would always ferment exactly the same way.
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As fermentation
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times sped up, the taste of the final bread would deteriorate.
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The sprouting process induced by certain enzymes is essential
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to developing a fluffier texture and better tasting crust. This
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@@ -95,6 +108,7 @@ to introduce additional enzymes to achieve similar properties
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to sourdough bread in yeast-based doughs. Sourdough almost completely
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vanished from the surface of the Earth. Only a handful
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of true nerds would continue making bread with sourdough.
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Suddenly people started to talk more often about celiac disease
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and the role of gluten. The disease isn't new; it has first
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been described in 250 AD~\cite{coeliac+disease}. People
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