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Improvements grammar/spelling sourdough works (#63)
* improve clean * Grammar improvements
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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In this chapter, we will cover the basics of how sourdough ferments.
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In this chapter, we will cover the basics of how sourdough ferments.
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First, we will look at the enzymatic reactions that take place
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First, we will look at the enzymatic reactions that take place
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in your flour the moment you add water, triggering the fermentation
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in your flour the moment you add water, triggering the fermentation
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process. Then, in order to better understand this process, we will
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process. Then, in order to understand this process better, we will
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learn more about the yeast and bacterial microorganisms involved.
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learn more about the yeast and bacterial microorganisms involved.
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\begin{figure}[!htb]
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\begin{figure}[!htb]
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@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@ Normally, the grain seed shields the germ against pathogens. However, as the
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grain is ground into flour, the contents of the seed are exposed. This is ideal
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grain is ground into flour, the contents of the seed are exposed. This is ideal
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for our sourdough microorganisms.
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for our sourdough microorganisms.
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% I removed the line referencing yeast as a saprotrophic fungus since you
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% cover this later on in the chapter and removing that helps the text to
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% flow more smoothly.
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Neither the yeast nor the bacteria can prepare their own food. However, as
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Neither the yeast nor the bacteria can prepare their own food. However, as
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the enzymes are activated, the food they need becomes available, allowing them
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the enzymes are activated, the food they need becomes available, allowing them
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to feed and multiply.
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to feed and multiply.
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@@ -61,8 +58,11 @@ is a key puzzle piece to making better-tasting bread.
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Sometimes, when you chew on a potato or a piece of bread for a long period
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Sometimes, when you chew on a potato or a piece of bread for a long period
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of time, you'll perceive a sweet flavor on your tongue. That's because your
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of time, you'll perceive a sweet flavor on your tongue. That's because your
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salivary glands produce amylase. Amylase breaks down complex starch molecules
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salivary glands produce amylase. Amylase breaks down complex starch molecules
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into easily-digestible sugars. The germ needs this to produce more plant
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into easily-digestible sugars. Your body uses amylase to start the digestive
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matter, and your body needs this to kick-start the digestive process. Normally,
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process. The germ works similarly by using the same enzyme. The amylase
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is used to create sugars out of the starch to then produce more plant matter.
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Normally,
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the microorganisms on the surface of the grain can't consume the freed maltose
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the microorganisms on the surface of the grain can't consume the freed maltose
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molecules, which remain hidden inside the germ. But as we grind the flour, a
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molecules, which remain hidden inside the germ. But as we grind the flour, a
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feeding frenzy takes place. Generally, the warmer the temperature, the faster
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feeding frenzy takes place. Generally, the warmer the temperature, the faster
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@@ -203,9 +203,6 @@ tweak just by adjusting the speed of your dough's fermentation.
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\section{Yeast}
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\section{Yeast}
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% Yeast is both the singular and plural form of the word unless you're
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% specifically referencing a plural number of varieties or types, in which case
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% "yeasts" would be correct.
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Yeasts are single celled microorganisms belonging to the fungi kingdom, and
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Yeasts are single celled microorganisms belonging to the fungi kingdom, and
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spores that are hundreds of millions of years old have been identified by
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spores that are hundreds of millions of years old have been identified by
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scientists. There are a wide variety of species: So far, about 1,500 have been
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scientists. There are a wide variety of species: So far, about 1,500 have been
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@@ -292,19 +289,19 @@ enhanced protection against mold and other pathogens. Indeed, it is in the
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best interest of the epiphytes to keep their host plants alive for as long as
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best interest of the epiphytes to keep their host plants alive for as long as
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possible \cite{leaf+surface+sugars+epiphytes}.
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possible \cite{leaf+surface+sugars+epiphytes}.
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More research is conducted every day in ways that yeasts can be used as
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More research is conducted every day into ways that yeasts can be used as
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biocontrol agents to protect plants, the advantage being that these bio-agents
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biocontrol agents to protect plants, the advantage being that these bio-agents
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would be food-safe as the relevant strains of yeast are generally considered
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would be food-safe as the relevant strains of yeast are generally considered
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harmless to humans. The yeasts would grow and multiply on the leaves,
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harmless to humans. The yeasts would grow and multiply on the leaves,
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esentially shielding them from other types of mold. This could be a potential
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essentially shielding them from other types of mold. This could be a potential
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game changer for vineyards that suffer from mildew.
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game changer for vineyards that suffer from mildew.
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Such bio-agents could also be used to shield plants against the psychoactive
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Such bio-agents could also be used to shield plants against the psychoactive
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ergot fungus, which likes to grow in colder, more humid environments and
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ergot fungus, which likes to grow in colder, more humid environments and
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poses a significant problem for rye farmers. Because it infects the grain
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poses a significant problem for rye farmers.
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and makes it unfit for consumption due to its high toxicity to the liver,
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Lawmakers have recently reduced the amount of allowed ergot contamination in
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lawmakers have recently reduced the amount of allowed ergot contamination in
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rye flour because it infects the grain and makes it unfit for consumption due
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rye flour.
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to its high toxicity to the liver. Yeasts could help to mitigate ergot contamination.
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There is another interesting experiment performed by Italian scientists that
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There is another interesting experiment performed by Italian scientists that
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shows how crucial yeasts could be in protecting our crops. First, they made
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shows how crucial yeasts could be in protecting our crops. First, they made
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@@ -325,9 +322,9 @@ so that they could penetrate the tissue of the plants.
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The other most dominant microbial antagonists in your sourdough are bacteria.
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The other most dominant microbial antagonists in your sourdough are bacteria.
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In fact, they are so dominant that they outnumber the yeast in your dough 100
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In fact, they are so dominant that they outnumber the yeast in your dough 100
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to 1. Whereas yeast provide leavening power, bacteria create the distinct
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to 1. Whereas yeast provides leavening power, bacteria create the distinct
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flavours for which sourdough has been named. These are due to the acidic
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flavours for which sourdough has been named. These are due to the acidic
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byproducts that result from bacterial feeding. As an added bonus, these acids
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byproducts that result from bacterial feeding. As a bonus, these acids
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can significantly increase the shelf life of sourdough breads.
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can significantly increase the shelf life of sourdough breads.
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\cite{shelflife+acidity}
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\cite{shelflife+acidity}
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@@ -375,9 +372,10 @@ fully grown around the bacterial patch, preventing it from spreading further.
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I imagine a similar scenario could be playing out in our sourdough starters,
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I imagine a similar scenario could be playing out in our sourdough starters,
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although, given that the sourdough environment tends to be more liquid, this
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although, given that the sourdough environment tends to be more liquid, this
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fight would have to take place everywhere in the dough and not just in an
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fight would have to take place everywhere in the dough and not just in an
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isolated patch. More research on this topic is required to better understand
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isolated patch. More research on this topic is required to get a better understanding of
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the details of the relationship between yeast and bacteria.
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the details of the relationship between yeast and bacteria.
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One other interesting trait of sourdough bacteria worth mentioning is their
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One other interesting trait of sourdough bacteria worth mentioning is their
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ability to break down and consume the proteins in your dough. If you've baked
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ability to break down and consume the proteins in your dough. If you've baked
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sourdough before, chances are you've experienced this firsthand. You'll recall
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sourdough before, chances are you've experienced this firsthand. You'll recall
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@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ clean:
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rm -rf book-epub/
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rm -rf book-epub/
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rm -rf book-epub3/
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rm -rf book-epub3/
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rm -rf book-mobi/
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rm -rf book-mobi/
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rm -rf book-azw3/
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rm -rf book.azw3
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rm -f *.pdf
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rm -f *.pdf
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rm -f output.log
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rm -f output.log
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rm -f content.opf
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rm -f content.opf
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