diff --git a/book/history/sourdough-history.tex b/book/history/sourdough-history.tex index 17997f5..9938c40 100644 --- a/book/history/sourdough-history.tex +++ b/book/history/sourdough-history.tex @@ -1,21 +1,20 @@ -Sourdough has been made since ancient times. The exact origins -of fermented bread are however unknown. One of the most ancient -preserved sourdough bread has been excavated in Switzerland. -However, based on recent research, some scientists speculate -that sourdough bread has already been made in 12000 BC in ancient -Jordan \cite{jordan+bread}. +Sourdough has been made since ancient times. The exact origins of fermented +bread are, however, unknown. One of the most ancient preserved +sourdough breads has been excavated in Switzerland. +However, based on recent research, some scientists speculate that sourdough +bread had already been made in 12000 BC in ancient Jordan \cite{jordan+bread}. \begin{figure}[h] \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{einkorn-crumb} - \caption{An ancient Einkorn flatbread. Note the denser crumb structure.} + \caption{An ancient Einkorn flatbread. Note the dense crumb structure.} \label{einkorn-crumb} \end{figure} Another popular story is that a lady in Egypt was making a bread dough close to the Nile river. The lady forgot the -dough and returned a few days later. She would notice that -the dough had increased in size and smelled funky. She decided -to bake the dough anyways. She was rewarded with a much +dough and returned a few days later. She noticed that the dough had +increased in size and smelled funky. She decided to bake +the dough anyway. She was rewarded with a much lighter, softer, better tasting bread dough. From that day on she continued to make bread this way. @@ -36,8 +35,8 @@ Quickly, similar processes were discovered when brewing beer or making wine. A small tiny batch of the previous production would be used for the next production. In this way, humans created modern bread yeasts, wine yeasts, and beer yeasts. Only in 1680, -the scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek first microscoped yeast -microorganisms. Over time with each batch, the yeasts and bacteria +the scientist scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek first studied yeast microorganisms +under a microscope. Over time with each batch, the yeasts and bacteria would become better at consuming whatever they were thrown at. By feeding your sourdough starter you are selectively breeding microorganisms that are good at eating your flour. With @@ -83,23 +82,23 @@ at leavening bread doughs. What would previously take 10 hours to leaven a bread dough could now be done within 1 hour. The process became much more efficient. During world war II the first packaged dry yeast was developed. This would ultimately -allow bakeries and home bakers to make bread way faster. +allow bakeries and home bakers to make bread much faster. Thanks to pure yeast, building bread making machines was -possible. Provided you have the same temperature your yeast -would always ferment exactly the same way. As fermentation +possible. Provided you maintain the same temperature +your yeast would always ferment exactly the same way. As fermentation times sped up the taste of the final bread would deteriorate. The sprouting process induced by certain enzymes is essential to developing a fluffier texture and better tasting crust. This can't be indefinitely sped up. Soon bakeries would start to introduce additional enzymes to achieve similar properties -to sourdough bread in yeast-based doughs. Sourdough almost -completely vanished from the surface. Only a handful +to sourdough bread in yeast-based doughs. Sourdough almost completely +vanished from the surface of the Earth. Only a handful of true nerds would continue making bread with sourdough. Suddenly people started to talk more often about celiac disease -and the role of gluten. The disease isn't old, it has first +and the role of gluten. The disease isn't new, it has first been described in 250 AD \cite{coeliac+disease}. People would note how modern bread has much more gluten compared -to ancient bread. The bread in ancient times probably was way flatter. +to ancient bread. The bread in ancient times probably was much flatter. The grains over time have been bred more and more towards containing a higher amount of gluten. Gluten is a protein that gives modern bread its typical soft fluffy crumb structure. The @@ -108,9 +107,9 @@ Throughout the course of the fermentation, CO2 is trapped in this protein matrix. The tiny created chambers expand during the baking process. As the dough gelatinizes while being heated the structure is fortified. This makes the bread appear -soft and fluffy when tasting it. Similar to drinking -raw cow milk your immune system might react to -the consumed proteins. There is gluten intolerance +soft and fluffy when tasting it. Similar to drinking raw cow's milk, +your immune system might react to the consumed proteins. +There is gluten intolerance and celiac disease. When people say they don't handle gluten well it's mostly a gluten intolerance they describe. Some people describe similar issues when consuming diff --git a/book/intro/preface.tex b/book/intro/preface.tex index 44d7a6a..900c4bb 100644 --- a/book/intro/preface.tex +++ b/book/intro/preface.tex @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ in supermarket bread. At home, I decided to research the proper way to make bread, and much to my surprise, I learned that the recipes for making pizza and bread were actually quite similar, yet there were also differences. For example, some recipes would call for fresh yeast, while -others would call for dry. Deep diving into various online forums and all their many +others would call for dry. Diving deep into various online forums and all their many discussions, I became even more confused. I tried using different flours and different brands, all in both organic and non-organic varieties. @@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ businesses possible. In most cases, frameworks do exactly what they claim they do. However, sometimes you are faced with issues you don't understand. In 99.95 percent of all software bugs, the developer is the issue. Sometimes, however, the framework has a -bug. That is when the developer must dig deeper to see the what and the why behind what the -framework is doing. You will need to read other engineer's source code, and you will be forced +bug. That is when the developer must dig deeper to see the 'what' and the 'why' behind what +the framework is doing. You will need to read other engineer's source code, and you will be forced to understand {\it why} things are happening. Being unhappy with what I was baking, my engineering mindset took over and I had @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ bread making. There is always something new to learn, and I feel that even now I scratching the surface with what I know and teach. Would you ever have imagined that fruit flies are like bees and are part of the wild yeast's success story? I made a video where I tried to cultivate wild yeast spores coming from fruit flies in order -to bake bread. It worked; the bread turned out amazing and even tasted good! These kinds of +to bake bread. It worked; the bread turned out amazingly well and even tasted good! These kinds of experiments spark my natural interest. Conducting them and seeing how other people share in my interest makes me incredibly happy.