diff --git a/book/images/parbaked-bread.jpg b/book/images/parbaked-bread.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8dd001 Binary files /dev/null and b/book/images/parbaked-bread.jpg differ diff --git a/book/references.bib b/book/references.bib index 3025897..e442ac2 100644 --- a/book/references.bib +++ b/book/references.bib @@ -32,4 +32,13 @@ howpublished = {\url{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqH3GVfjfBc}}, year = {2021}, note = {Accessed: 2022-04-26} -} \ No newline at end of file +} + +@article{baking+twice, + title = {Baking your dough twice to make a sourer bread}, + author = {Hendrik Kleinwächter}, + howpublished = {\url{https://youtu.be/0v1QhtyUic4}}, + year = {2022}, + note = {Accessed: 2022-04-28} +} + diff --git a/book/troubleshooting/misc.tex b/book/troubleshooting/misc.tex index 31094d1..51b158d 100644 --- a/book/troubleshooting/misc.tex +++ b/book/troubleshooting/misc.tex @@ -120,6 +120,67 @@ another good indicator. Please also use your nose to note the smell of the dough. It shouldn't be too pungent. \section{I want more tang in my bread} + +To achieve more tang in your sourdough bread you have +to ferment your dough for a longer period of time. +Over time the bacteria will metabolize most of the +ethanol created by the yeast in your dough. The bacteria +mostly produces lactic and acetic acid. Lactic acid +is chemically more sour than acetic acid but sometimes +not achieved as sour. In most cases a longer fermentation +is what you want. You will either need to utilize a loaf +pan to make your dough or use a flour that can withstand +a long fermentation period. A flour like this is typically +called a {\it strong flour}. Stronger flours tend +to be from wheat varieties that have be grown in more +sunny conditions. Because of that stronger flours tend +to be more expensive. For freestanding loaves I recommend +to use a flour that contains at least 12 percent protein. +Generally the more protein the longer you can ferment your dough. + +Another option to achieve a more sour flavor could be to +use a starter that produces more acetic acid. Acetic acid +bacteria tend to be more common in rye starters (source needed). +Chemically the acetic acid isn't as sour, but when tasting +it will seem more sour. Make sure to use a starter that is at +a hydration of around 100 percent. Acetic acid production +requires oxygen. A too liquid starter tends to favor lactic +acid production because the flour is submerged in water, no +oxygen can reach the fermentation after a while. + +\begin{figure}[!htb] + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{parbaked-bread.jpg} + \caption{A half-baked bread, known as "parbaked".} + \label{fig:parbaked-bread} +\end{figure} + +Another more easier option could be to bake your sourdough +twice. I have observed this when shipping bread for my micro +bakery. The idea was to bake my bread for around 30 minutes +until it's sterilized, let it cool down and then ship it +to customers. Once you receive it you just bake it again +for another 20-30 minutes to achieve the desired crust and +then you can eat it. Some of the customers reported a very sour +tasting bread. After investigating a bit more it became +crystal clear. By baking the bread twice you don't boil +as much of the acid during the baking process. Water +evaporates at around 100°C while acetic acid boils at +118°C and lactic acid at 122°c. After baking for 30 minutes +at around 230°C some of the water has started to evaporate, +but not all the acid yet. If you were to continue to bake more +and more of the acid would start to evaporate. Now if you were +to stop baking after 30 minutes, you would typically have reached +a core temperature of around 95°C. Your dough would need +to be cooled down again to room temperature. The crust would +still be quite pale. Then A couple of hours later you start +to bake your dough again. Your crust would become nice and +dark featuring delicious aroma. The aroma is coming from the +maillard reaction. However the core of your dough still won't +exceed the 118°C required to boil the acid. Overall your +bread will be more sour. The enhanced acidity also helps +to prevent pathogens from entering your bread. The bread +will be good for a longer period of time. + \section{My bread is too sour} \section{Fixing a moldy sourdough starter} \section{My bread flattens out after shaping}