diff --git a/book/history/sourdough-history.tex b/book/history/sourdough-history.tex index 22f2ab6..5751c56 100644 --- a/book/history/sourdough-history.tex +++ b/book/history/sourdough-history.tex @@ -185,12 +185,12 @@ of the sourdough leavening agent. As the process is more expensive, bread rolls like these were ultimately consumed by the noble people in Vienna~\cite{vienna+breadrolls}. -As industrialization began the first steam-powered grain mill was developed by -Oliver Evans in \num{1785}. Evans' design incorporated several innovations, -including automated machinery for various milling processes, making it more -efficient than traditional water or animal-powered mills. His steam-powered -mill marked a significant advancement in industrial technology for bread -making~\cite{evans+mill}. +As industrialization began inventors like Oliver Evans, in \num{1785} +developed improved mill devices~\cite{evans+mill} incorporating several +innovations, including automated machinery for various milling processes. +This eventually evolved to steam-powered grain mills, more efficient than +traditional water or animal-powered mills. Those steam-powered mill marked a +significant advancement in industrial technology for bread making. \begin{figure}[ht] \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sourdough-stove} @@ -198,32 +198,30 @@ making~\cite{evans+mill}. \label{sourdough-stove} \end{figure} -The biggest advancement of industrial breadmaking happened in \num{1857}. -The French microbiologist Louis Pasteur discovered -the process of alcoholic fermentation. He would prove that -yeast microorganisms are the reason for alcoholic fermentation -and not other chemical catalysts. He continued with his research and -was the first person to isolate and grow pure yeast strains. -Soon later in \num{1868} the Fleischmann brothers Charles -and Maximilian were the first to patent pure yeast strains -for bread making. The yeasts offered +The biggest advancement of industrial bread making happened in \num{1857}. +The French microbiologist Louis Pasteur discovered the process of alcoholic +fermentation. He would prove that yeast microorganisms are the reason for +alcoholic fermentation and not other chemical catalysts. He continued with his +research and was the first person to isolate and grow pure yeast strains. +Soon later in \num{1868} the Fleischmann brothers Charles and Maximilian were +the first to patent pure yeast strains for bread making. The yeasts offered were isolated from batches of sourdough. By \num{1879} the machinery was built -to multiply the yeast in large centrifuges~\cite{fleischmann+history}. -The pure yeast would prove to be excellent and turbocharged -at leavening bread doughs. What would previously take 10~hours -to leaven a bread dough could now be done within 1~hour. -The process became much more efficient. What ultimately made making large -batches of dough possible, was the invention of the electrical kneader. Rufus -Eastman, an American inventor, is often credited with an important advancement -in mixer technology. In \num{1885}, he received a patent for an electric mixer -with a mechanical hand-crank mechanism. This device was not as advanced or as -widely adopted as later electric mixers, but it was an early attempt to -mechanize mixing and kneading processes in the kitchen using electricity. -Eastman's invention represented an important step in the development of -electric mixers, but it wasn't as sophisticated or popular as later models -like the KitchenAid mixer. The KitchenAid mixer, introduced in \num{1919}, is -often recognized as one of the first widely successful electric mixers and -played a significant role in revolutionizing kitchen appliances for home +to multiply the yeast in large centrifuges~\cite{fleischmann+history}. The +pure yeast would prove to be excellent and turbocharged at leavening bread +doughs. What would previously take 10~hours to leaven a bread dough could now +be done within 1~hour. The process became much more efficient. What +ultimately made making large batches of dough possible, was the invention of +the electrical kneader. Rufus Eastman, an American inventor, is often +credited with an important advancement in mixer technology. In \num{1885}, he +received a patent for an electric mixer with a mechanical hand-crank +mechanism. This device was not as advanced or as widely adopted as later +electric mixers, but it was an early attempt to mechanize mixing and kneading +processes in the kitchen using electricity. Eastman's invention represented +an important step in the development of electric mixers, but it wasn't as +sophisticated or popular as later models like the KitchenAid mixer. The +KitchenAid mixer, introduced in \num{1919}, is often recognized as one of the +first widely successful electric mixers and played a significant role in +revolutionizing kitchen appliances for home cooks~\cite{first+mixer}~\cite{kitchenaid+history}. During World~War~II the first packaged dry yeast was developed. This would