small simplification

docs/compatibility.csv

@@ -2483,7 +2483,7 @@
 0100A5200C2E0000,"Safety First!",,playable,2021-01-06 09:05:23
 0100A51013530000,"SaGa Frontier Remastered",nvdec,playable,2022-11-03 13:54:56
 010003A00D0B4000,"SaGa SCARLET GRACE: AMBITIONS™",,playable,2022-10-06 13:20:31
-01008D100D43E000,"Saints Row IV®: Re-Elected™",ldn-untested;LAN;deadlock,ingame,2025-02-02 16:57:53
+01008D100D43E000,"Saints Row IV®: Re-Elected™",ldn-untested;LAN,playable,2023-12-04 18:33:37
 0100DE600BEEE000,"SAINTS ROW®: THE THIRD™ - THE FULL PACKAGE",slow;LAN,playable,2023-08-24 02:40:58
 01007F000EB36000,"Sakai and...",nvdec,playable,2022-12-15 13:53:19
 0100B1400E8FE000,"Sakuna: Of Rice and Ruin",,playable,2023-07-24 13:47:13

src/ARMeilleure/CodeGen/CompiledFunction.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using ARMeilleure.CodeGen.Linking;
 using ARMeilleure.CodeGen.Unwinding;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation.Cache;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.CodeGen

src/ARMeilleure/IntermediateRepresentation/MemoryOperand.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 

src/ARMeilleure/Native/JitSupportDarwin.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 

src/ARMeilleure/Signal/TestMethods.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using static ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation.Operand.Factory;
 

src/ARMeilleure/Signal/WindowsPartialUnmapHandler.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory.PartialUnmaps;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using static ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation.Operand.Factory;
 

src/ARMeilleure/State/ExecutionContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using System;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.State
 {

src/ARMeilleure/Translation/ArmEmitterContext.cs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ using ARMeilleure.Instructions;
 using ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation;
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using ARMeilleure.State;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Reflection;
 using static ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation.Operand.Factory;

src/ARMeilleure/Translation/Cache/JitCacheInvalidation.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation.Cache

src/ARMeilleure/Translation/DelegateInfo.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System;
+
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 {
     class DelegateInfo

src/ARMeilleure/Translation/DispatcherFunction.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System;
+
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 {
     delegate void DispatcherFunction(nint nativeContext, ulong startAddress);

src/ARMeilleure/Translation/GuestFunction.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System;
+
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 {
     delegate ulong GuestFunction(nint nativeContextPtr);

src/ARMeilleure/Translation/TranslatedFunction.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Common;
+using System;
 
 namespace ARMeilleure.Translation
 {

src/ARMeilleure/Translation/Translator.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using ARMeilleure.Diagnostics;
 using ARMeilleure.Instructions;
 using ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation;
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using ARMeilleure.Signal;
 using ARMeilleure.State;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation.Cache;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation.PTC;

src/ARMeilleure/Translation/TranslatorStubs.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation;
 using ARMeilleure.State;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation.Cache;
 using System;
+using System.Reflection;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using static ARMeilleure.IntermediateRepresentation.Operand.Factory;
 

src/Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SDL2/SDL2HardwareDeviceSession.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
+using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Threading;
 

src/Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo/Native/SoundIo.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 

src/Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo/Native/SoundIoDeviceContext.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using static Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo.Native.SoundIo;

src/Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.SoundIo/SoundIoHardwareDeviceSession.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Audio.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
+using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Threading;

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Backends/Common/DynamicRingBuffer.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using System;
+using System.Buffers;
 using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Audio.Backends.Common

src/Ryujinx.Audio/Renderer/Server/MemoryPool/MemoryPoolState.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using CpuAddress = System.UInt64;
 using DspAddress = System.UInt64;

src/Ryujinx.Common/Configuration/VSyncMode.cs

@@ -6,16 +6,4 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Configuration
         Unbounded,
         Custom
     }
-    
-    public static class VSyncModeExtensions
-    {
-        public static VSyncMode Next(this VSyncMode vsync, bool customEnabled = false) =>
-            vsync switch
-            {
-                VSyncMode.Switch => customEnabled ? VSyncMode.Custom : VSyncMode.Unbounded,
-                VSyncMode.Unbounded => VSyncMode.Switch,
-                VSyncMode.Custom => VSyncMode.Unbounded,
-                _ => VSyncMode.Switch
-            };
-    }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Common/Helpers/FileAssociationHelper.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Microsoft.Win32;
+using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;

src/Ryujinx.Common/Helpers/ObjectiveC.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 

src/Ryujinx.Common/Helpers/Patterns.cs

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Helper
-{
-    public static partial class Patterns
-    {
-        #region Accessors
-
-        public static readonly Regex Numeric = NumericRegex();
-
-        public static readonly Regex AmdGcn = AmdGcnRegex();
-        public static readonly Regex NvidiaConsumerClass = NvidiaConsumerClassRegex();
-
-        public static readonly Regex DomainLp1Ns = DomainLp1NsRegex();
-        public static readonly Regex DomainLp1Lp1Npln = DomainLp1Lp1NplnRegex();
-        public static readonly Regex DomainLp1Znc = DomainLp1ZncRegex();
-        public static readonly Regex DomainSbApi = DomainSbApiRegex();
-        public static readonly Regex DomainSbAccounts = DomainSbAccountsRegex();
-        public static readonly Regex DomainAccounts = DomainAccountsRegex();
-
-        public static readonly Regex Module = ModuleRegex();
-        public static readonly Regex FsSdk = FsSdkRegex();
-        public static readonly Regex SdkMw = SdkMwRegex();
-
-        // ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
-        public static readonly Regex CJK = CJKRegex();
-
-        public static readonly Regex LdnPassphrase = LdnPassphraseRegex();
-
-        public static readonly Regex CleanText = CleanTextRegex();
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region Generated pattern stubs
-
-        #region Numeric validation
-
-        [GeneratedRegex("[0-9]|.")]
-        internal static partial Regex NumericRegex();
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region GPU names
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(
-            "Radeon (((HD|R(5|7|9|X)) )?((M?[2-6]\\d{2}(\\D|$))|([7-8]\\d{3}(\\D|$))|Fury|Nano))|(Pro Duo)")]
-        internal static partial Regex AmdGcnRegex();
-
-        [GeneratedRegex("NVIDIA GeForce (R|G)?TX? (\\d{3}\\d?)M?")]
-        internal static partial Regex NvidiaConsumerClassRegex();
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region DNS blocking
-
-        public static readonly Regex[] BlockedHosts =
-        [
-            DomainLp1Ns,
-            DomainLp1Lp1Npln,
-            DomainLp1Znc,
-            DomainSbApi,
-            DomainSbAccounts,
-            DomainAccounts
-        ];
-
-        const RegexOptions DnsRegexOpts =
-            RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture;
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"^(.*)\-lp1\.(n|s)\.n\.srv\.nintendo\.net$", DnsRegexOpts)]
-        internal static partial Regex DomainLp1NsRegex();
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"^(.*)\-lp1\.lp1\.t\.npln\.srv\.nintendo\.net$", DnsRegexOpts)]
-        internal static partial Regex DomainLp1Lp1NplnRegex();
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"^(.*)\-lp1\.(znc|p)\.srv\.nintendo\.net$", DnsRegexOpts)]
-        internal static partial Regex DomainLp1ZncRegex();
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"^(.*)\-sb\-api\.accounts\.nintendo\.com$", DnsRegexOpts)]
-        internal static partial Regex DomainSbApiRegex();
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"^(.*)\-sb\.accounts\.nintendo\.com$", DnsRegexOpts)]
-        internal static partial Regex DomainSbAccountsRegex();
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"^accounts\.nintendo\.com$", DnsRegexOpts)]
-        internal static partial Regex DomainAccountsRegex();
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region Executable information
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"[a-z]:[\\/][ -~]{5,}\.nss", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant)]
-        internal static partial Regex ModuleRegex();
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"sdk_version: ([0-9.]*)")]
-        internal static partial Regex FsSdkRegex();
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"SDK MW[ -~]*")]
-        internal static partial Regex SdkMwRegex();
-
-        #endregion
-
-        #region CJK
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(
-            "\\p{IsHangulJamo}|\\p{IsCJKRadicalsSupplement}|\\p{IsCJKSymbolsandPunctuation}|\\p{IsEnclosedCJKLettersandMonths}|\\p{IsCJKCompatibility}|\\p{IsCJKUnifiedIdeographsExtensionA}|\\p{IsCJKUnifiedIdeographs}|\\p{IsHangulSyllables}|\\p{IsCJKCompatibilityForms}")]
-        private static partial Regex CJKRegex();
-
-        #endregion
-
-        [GeneratedRegex("Ryujinx-[0-9a-f]{8}")]
-        private static partial Regex LdnPassphraseRegex();
-
-        [GeneratedRegex(@"[^\u0000\u0009\u000A\u000D\u0020-\uFFFF]..")]
-        private static partial Regex CleanTextRegex();
-
-        #endregion
-    }
-}

src/Ryujinx.Common/Helpers/RefEvent.cs

@@ -1,58 +0,0 @@
-using Gommon;
-using System.Collections.Generic;
-using System.Threading;
-
-namespace Ryujinx.Common.Helper
-{
-    public class RefEvent<T>
-    {
-        public delegate void Handler(ref T arg);
-        
-        private readonly Lock _subLock = new();
-        private readonly List<Handler> _subscriptions = [];
-    
-        public bool HasSubscribers
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                lock (_subLock)
-                    return _subscriptions.Count != 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public IReadOnlyList<Handler> Subscriptions
-        {
-            get
-            {
-                lock (_subLock)
-                    return _subscriptions;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public void Add(Handler subscriber)
-        {
-            Guard.Require(subscriber, nameof(subscriber));
-            lock (_subLock)
-                _subscriptions.Add(subscriber);
-        }
-
-        public void Remove(Handler subscriber)
-        {
-            Guard.Require(subscriber, nameof(subscriber));
-            lock (_subLock)
-                _subscriptions.Remove(subscriber);
-        }
-
-        public void Clear()
-        {
-            lock (_subLock)
-                _subscriptions.Clear();
-        }
-
-        public void Call(ref T arg)
-        {
-            foreach (Handler subscription in Subscriptions)
-                subscription(ref arg);
-        }
-    }
-}

src/Ryujinx.Common/Helpers/RunningPlatform.cs

@@ -10,18 +10,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Helper
         public static bool IsMacOS => OperatingSystem.IsMacOS();
         public static bool IsWindows => OperatingSystem.IsWindows();
         public static bool IsLinux => OperatingSystem.IsLinux();
-        
-        public static bool IsArm => RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture is Architecture.Arm64;
-        
-        public static bool IsX64 => RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture is Architecture.X64;
 
-        public static bool IsIntelMac => IsMacOS && IsX64;
-        public static bool IsArmMac => IsMacOS && IsArm;
+        public static bool IsIntelMac => IsMacOS && RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture is Architecture.X64;
+        public static bool IsArmMac => IsMacOS && RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture is Architecture.Arm64;
         
-        public static bool IsX64Windows => IsWindows && IsX64;
-        public static bool IsArmWindows => IsWindows && IsArm;
+        public static bool IsX64Windows => IsWindows && (RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture is Architecture.X64);
+        public static bool IsArmWindows => IsWindows && (RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture is Architecture.Arm64);
         
-        public static bool IsX64Linux => IsLinux && IsX64;
-        public static bool IsArmLinux => IsLinux && IsArmMac;
+        public static bool IsX64Linux => IsLinux && (RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture is Architecture.X64);
+        public static bool IsArmLinux => IsLinux && (RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture is Architecture.Arm64);
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Common/TitleIDs.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Helper;
 using System;
 using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Common
 {
@@ -29,11 +30,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
         
         public static readonly string[] GreatMetalTitles =
         [
-            "01009b500007c000", // ARMS
+            "010076f0049a2000", // Bayonetta
             "0100a5c00d162000", // Cuphead
             "010023800d64a000", // Deltarune
             "01003a30012c0000", // LEGO City Undercover
-            "010048701995e000", // Luigi's Manion 2 HD
             "010028600EBDA000", // Mario 3D World
             "0100152000022000", // Mario Kart 8 Deluxe
             "010075a016a3a000", // Persona 4 Arena Ultimax
@@ -47,16 +47,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common
             "01006f8002326000", // Animal Crossings: New Horizons
             "01009bf0072d4000", // Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker
             "01009510001ca000", // Fast RMX
-            "01005CA01580E000", // Persona 5 Royal
-            "0100b880154fc000", // Persona 5 The Royal (Japan)
-            "010015100b514000", // Super Mario Bros. Wonder
+            "01005CA01580E000", // Persona 5 Royale
             "0100000000010000", // Super Mario Odyssey
 
-            // Further testing is appreciated, I did not test the entire game:
-            "01007300020fa000", // Astral Chain
-            "010076f0049a2000", // Bayonetta
-            "0100cf5010fec000", // Bayonetta Origins: Cereza and the Lost Demon
-            "0100f4300bf2c000", // New Pokemon Snap
+            //Isaac claims it has a issue in level 2, but I am not able to replicate it on my M3. More testing would be appreciated:
+            "010015100b514000", // Super Mario Bros. Wonder
         ];
         
         public static string GetDiscordGameAsset(string titleId) 

src/Ryujinx.Common/Utilities/Rainbow.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 using Gommon;
-using Ryujinx.Common.Helper;
 using System;
 using System.Drawing;
 using System.Threading;
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Utilities
             {
                 _color = HsbToRgb((_color.GetHue() + Speed) / 360);
             
-                _updatedHandler.Call(ref _color);
+                _updatedHandler.Call(_color.ToArgb());
             }
         }
 
@@ -68,13 +67,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Common.Utilities
                 _color = Color.Blue;
         }
 
-        public static event RefEvent<Color>.Handler Updated
+        public static event Action<int> Updated
         {
             add => _updatedHandler.Add(value);
             remove => _updatedHandler.Remove(value);
         }
 
-        private static readonly RefEvent<Color> _updatedHandler = new();
+        private static readonly Event<int> _updatedHandler = new();
 
         private static Color HsbToRgb(float hue, float saturation = 1, float brightness = 1)
         {

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvExecutionContextVcpu.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using ARMeilleure.State;
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvMemoryManager.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
 using System;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/AppleHv/HvVm.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Memory;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 using System.Threading;
 

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
-namespace Ryujinx.Memory
+namespace Ryujinx.Cpu
 {
     public interface IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked : IVirtualMemoryManager
     {

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/JitCpuContext.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using ARMeilleure.Common;
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using ARMeilleure.Translation;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.Signal;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit
 {

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
 using System;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Threading;

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/Jit/MemoryManagerHostTracked.cs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
 using System;
 using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Jit

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/AarchCompiler.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm32;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm64;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.State;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/Arm32/Target/Arm64/Compiler.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using ARMeilleure.Common;
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.CodeGen;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.CodeGen.Arm64;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Numerics;

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/Arm32/Target/Arm64/InstEmitVfpCompare.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.CodeGen;
+using System;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm32.Target.Arm64

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/Arm32/Target/Arm64/InstEmitVfpMove.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.CodeGen;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm32.Target.Arm64
 {
     static class InstEmitVfpMove

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/Arm64/SysUtils.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Arm64
 {
     static class SysUtils

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/Arm64/Target/Arm64/Compiler.cs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ using ARMeilleure.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.CodeGen;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.CodeGen.Arm64;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Graph;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.Numerics;

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/Cache/JitCacheInvalidation.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using ARMeilleure.Memory;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Cache

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/Cache/JitSupportDarwin.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/CodeGen/Arm64/StackWalker.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/IStackWalker.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/TranslatedFunction.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit
 {
     class TranslatedFunction

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/LightningJit/Translator.cs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.Cache;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.CodeGen.Arm64;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.LightningJit.State;
 using Ryujinx.Cpu.Signal;
+using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;

src/Ryujinx.Cpu/Signal/WindowsSignalHandlerRegistration.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Cpu.Signal

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Device/ISynchronizationManager.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using System;
+using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Device
 {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Compute/ComputeClass.cs

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
 
             // Make sure all pending uniform buffer data is written to memory.
             _3dEngine.FlushUboDirty();
-            
+
             uint qmdAddress = _state.State.SendPcasA;
 
             ComputeQmd qmd = _channel.MemoryManager.Read<ComputeQmd>((ulong)qmdAddress << 8);
@@ -106,8 +106,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
             ulong shaderGpuVa = ((ulong)_state.State.SetProgramRegionAAddressUpper << 32) | _state.State.SetProgramRegionB;
 
             shaderGpuVa += (uint)qmd.ProgramOffset;
-            
-            ShaderCache shaderCache = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(shaderGpuVa).ShaderCache;
 
             int localMemorySize = qmd.ShaderLocalMemoryLowSize + qmd.ShaderLocalMemoryHighSize;
 
@@ -144,7 +142,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
                 sharedMemorySize,
                 _channel.BufferManager.HasUnalignedStorageBuffers);
 
-            CachedShaderProgram cs = shaderCache.GetComputeShader(_channel, samplerPoolMaximumId, poolState, computeState, shaderGpuVa);
+            CachedShaderProgram cs = memoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache.GetComputeShader(_channel, samplerPoolMaximumId, poolState, computeState, shaderGpuVa);
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetProgram(cs.HostProgram);
 
@@ -158,10 +156,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
             {
                 BufferDescriptor sb = info.SBuffers[index];
 
-                (PhysicalMemory physical, ulong sbDescAddress) = _channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(sb.SbCbSlot);
+                ulong sbDescAddress = _channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(sb.SbCbSlot);
                 sbDescAddress += (ulong)sb.SbCbOffset * 4;
 
-                SbDescriptor sbDescriptor = physical.Read<SbDescriptor>(sbDescAddress);
+                SbDescriptor sbDescriptor = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.Read<SbDescriptor>(sbDescAddress);
 
                 uint size;
                 if (sb.SbCbSlot == Constants.DriverReservedUniformBuffer)
@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Compute
                     sharedMemorySize,
                     _channel.BufferManager.HasUnalignedStorageBuffers);
 
-                cs = shaderCache.GetComputeShader(_channel, samplerPoolMaximumId, poolState, computeState, shaderGpuVa);
+                cs = memoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache.GetComputeShader(_channel, samplerPoolMaximumId, poolState, computeState, shaderGpuVa);
 
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetProgram(cs.HostProgram);
             }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Dma/DmaClass.cs

@@ -215,10 +215,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
             _channel.TextureManager.RefreshModifiedTextures();
             _3dEngine.CreatePendingSyncs();
             _3dEngine.FlushUboDirty();
-            
-            PhysicalMemory srcPhysical = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(srcGpuVa);
-            PhysicalMemory dstPhysical = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(dstGpuVa);
-            
+
             if (copy2D)
             {
                 // Buffer to texture copy.
@@ -296,7 +293,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
 
                 if (completeSource && completeDest && !srcLinear && isIdentityRemap)
                 {
-                    Image.Texture source = srcPhysical.TextureCache.FindTexture(
+                    Image.Texture source = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindTexture(
                         memoryManager,
                         srcGpuVa,
                         srcBpp,
@@ -312,7 +309,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
                     {
                         source.SynchronizeMemory();
 
-                        Image.Texture target = dstPhysical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
+                        Image.Texture target = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
                             memoryManager,
                             source.Info.FormatInfo,
                             dstGpuVa,
@@ -342,7 +339,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
 
                 if (completeSource && completeDest && !(dstLinear && !srcLinear) && isIdentityRemap)
                 {
-                    Image.Texture target = dstPhysical.TextureCache.FindTexture(
+                    Image.Texture target = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindTexture(
                         memoryManager,
                         dstGpuVa,
                         dstBpp,
@@ -465,7 +462,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
             }
             else
             {
-                BufferCache bufferCache = dstPhysical.BufferCache;
                 if (remap &&
                     _state.State.SetRemapComponentsDstX == SetRemapComponentsDst.ConstA &&
                     _state.State.SetRemapComponentsDstY == SetRemapComponentsDst.ConstA &&
@@ -476,7 +472,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
                     _state.State.SetRemapComponentsComponentSize == SetRemapComponentsComponentSize.Four)
                 {
                     // Fast path for clears when remap is enabled.
-                    bufferCache.ClearBuffer(memoryManager, dstGpuVa, size * 4, _state.State.SetRemapConstA);
+                    memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.ClearBuffer(memoryManager, dstGpuVa, size * 4, _state.State.SetRemapConstA);
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -496,7 +492,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Dma
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        BufferCache.CopyBuffer(_context,memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
+                        memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CopyBuffer(memoryManager, srcGpuVa, dstGpuVa, size);
                     }
                 }
             }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/InlineToMemory/InlineToMemoryClass.cs

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.InlineToMemory
                 // Right now the copy code at the bottom assumes that it is used on both which might be incorrect.
                 if (!_isLinear)
                 {
-                    Image.Texture target = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(_dstGpuVa).TextureCache.FindTexture(
+                    Image.Texture target = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindTexture(
                         memoryManager,
                         _dstGpuVa,
                         1,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/MME/MacroHLE.cs

@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.MME
 
             ulong indirectBufferGpuVa = count.GpuVa;
 
-            BufferCache bufferCache = _processor.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(indirectBufferGpuVa).BufferCache;
+            BufferCache bufferCache = _processor.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache;
 
             bool useBuffer = bufferCache.CheckModified(_processor.MemoryManager, indirectBufferGpuVa, IndirectIndexedDataEntrySize, out ulong indirectBufferAddress);
 
@@ -394,8 +394,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.MME
 
                 _processor.ThreedClass.DrawIndirect(
                     topology,
-                    bufferCache,
-                    null,
                     new MultiRange(indirectBufferAddress, IndirectIndexedDataEntrySize),
                     default,
                     1,
@@ -493,24 +491,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.MME
                     }
                 }
             }
-            BufferCache indirectBufferCache = _processor.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(indirectBufferGpuVa).BufferCache;
-            BufferCache parameterBufferCache = _processor.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(parameterBufferGpuVa).BufferCache;
+
+            BufferCache bufferCache = _processor.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache;
 
             ulong indirectBufferSize = (ulong)maxDrawCount * (ulong)stride;
 
-            MultiRange indirectBufferRange = indirectBufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_processor.MemoryManager, indirectBufferGpuVa, indirectBufferSize, BufferStage.Indirect);
-            MultiRange parameterBufferRange = parameterBufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_processor.MemoryManager, parameterBufferGpuVa, 4, BufferStage.Indirect);
+            MultiRange indirectBufferRange = bufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_processor.MemoryManager, indirectBufferGpuVa, indirectBufferSize, BufferStage.Indirect);
+            MultiRange parameterBufferRange = bufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_processor.MemoryManager, parameterBufferGpuVa, 4, BufferStage.Indirect);
 
             _processor.ThreedClass.DrawIndirect(
                 topology,
-                indirectBufferCache,
-                parameterBufferCache,
                 indirectBufferRange,
                 parameterBufferRange,
                 maxDrawCount,
                 stride,
                 indexCount,
-                IndirectDrawType.DrawIndexedIndirectCount);
+                Threed.IndirectDrawType.DrawIndexedIndirectCount);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/Blender/AdvancedBlendPreGenTable.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
+using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.Blender

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ComputeDraw/VtgAsComputeContext.cs

@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
     /// </summary>
     class VtgAsComputeContext : IDisposable
     {
-        private const int DummyBufferSize = 16;
-
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
                         1,
                         1,
                         1,
-                        1,
+                        format.GetBytesPerElement(),
                         format,
                         DepthStencilMode.Depth,
                         Target.TextureBuffer,
@@ -521,21 +519,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
             return new BufferRange(_geometryIndexDataBuffer.Handle, offset, size, write);
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the range for a dummy 16 bytes buffer, filled with zeros.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>Dummy buffer range</returns>
-        public BufferRange GetDummyBufferRange()
-        {
-            if (_dummyBuffer == BufferHandle.Null)
-            {
-                _dummyBuffer = _context.Renderer.CreateBuffer(DummyBufferSize, BufferAccess.DeviceMemory);
-                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.ClearBuffer(_dummyBuffer, 0, DummyBufferSize, 0);
-            }
-
-            return new BufferRange(_dummyBuffer, 0, DummyBufferSize);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the range for a sequential index buffer, with ever incrementing index values.
         /// </summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ComputeDraw/VtgAsComputeState.cs

@@ -147,7 +147,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
                 {
                     _vacContext.VertexInfoBufferUpdater.SetVertexStride(index, 0, componentsCount);
                     _vacContext.VertexInfoBufferUpdater.SetVertexOffset(index, 0, 0);
-                    SetDummyBufferTexture(_vertexAsCompute.Reservations, index, format);
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -163,15 +162,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
                 {
                     _vacContext.VertexInfoBufferUpdater.SetVertexStride(index, 0, componentsCount);
                     _vacContext.VertexInfoBufferUpdater.SetVertexOffset(index, 0, 0);
-                    SetDummyBufferTexture(_vertexAsCompute.Reservations, index, format);
                     continue;
                 }
 
                 int vbStride = vertexBuffer.UnpackStride();
                 ulong vbSize = GetVertexBufferSize(address, endAddress.Pack(), vbStride, _indexed, instanced, _firstVertex, _count);
 
-                ulong oldVbSize = vbSize;
-
                 ulong attributeOffset = (ulong)vertexAttrib.UnpackOffset();
                 int componentSize = format.GetScalarSize();
 
@@ -200,11 +196,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
 
             int vertexInfoBinding = _vertexAsCompute.Reservations.VertexInfoConstantBufferBinding;
             BufferRange vertexInfoRange = new(_vacContext.VertexInfoBufferUpdater.Handle, 0, VertexInfoBuffer.RequiredSize);
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetUniformBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(vertexInfoBinding, vertexInfoRange) });
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetUniformBuffers([new BufferAssignment(vertexInfoBinding, vertexInfoRange)]);
 
             int vertexDataBinding = _vertexAsCompute.Reservations.VertexOutputStorageBufferBinding;
             BufferRange vertexDataRange = _vacContext.GetVertexDataBufferRange(_vertexDataOffset, _vertexDataSize, write: true);
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStorageBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(vertexDataBinding, vertexDataRange) });
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStorageBuffers([new BufferAssignment(vertexDataBinding, vertexDataRange)]);
 
             _vacContext.VertexInfoBufferUpdater.Commit();
 
@@ -232,7 +228,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
 
             int vertexInfoBinding = _vertexAsCompute.Reservations.VertexInfoConstantBufferBinding;
             BufferRange vertexInfoRange = new(_vacContext.VertexInfoBufferUpdater.Handle, 0, VertexInfoBuffer.RequiredSize);
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetUniformBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(vertexInfoBinding, vertexInfoRange) });
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetUniformBuffers([new BufferAssignment(vertexInfoBinding, vertexInfoRange)]);
 
             int vertexDataBinding = _vertexAsCompute.Reservations.VertexOutputStorageBufferBinding;
 
@@ -250,12 +246,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
             BufferRange vertexBuffer = _vacContext.GetGeometryVertexDataBufferRange(_geometryVertexDataOffset, _geometryVertexDataSize, write: true);
             BufferRange indexBuffer = _vacContext.GetGeometryIndexDataBufferRange(_geometryIndexDataOffset, _geometryIndexDataSize, write: true);
 
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStorageBuffers(stackalloc[]
-            {
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStorageBuffers([
                 new BufferAssignment(vertexDataBinding, vertexDataRange),
                 new BufferAssignment(geometryVbBinding, vertexBuffer),
-                new BufferAssignment(geometryIbBinding, indexBuffer),
-            });
+                new BufferAssignment(geometryIbBinding, indexBuffer)
+            ]);
 
             _context.Renderer.Pipeline.DispatchCompute(
                 BitUtils.DivRoundUp(primitivesCount, ComputeLocalSize),
@@ -299,7 +294,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
 
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetProgram(_vertexPassthroughProgram);
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetIndexBuffer(indexBuffer, IndexType.UInt);
-                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStorageBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(vertexDataBinding, vertexBuffer) });
+                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStorageBuffers([new BufferAssignment(vertexDataBinding, vertexBuffer)]);
 
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPrimitiveRestart(true, -1);
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetPrimitiveTopology(GetGeometryOutputTopology(_geometryAsCompute.Info.GeometryVerticesPerPrimitive));
@@ -314,7 +309,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
                 BufferRange vertexDataRange = _vacContext.GetVertexDataBufferRange(_vertexDataOffset, _vertexDataSize, write: false);
 
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetProgram(_vertexPassthroughProgram);
-                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStorageBuffers(stackalloc[] { new BufferAssignment(vertexDataBinding, vertexDataRange) });
+                _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetStorageBuffers([new BufferAssignment(vertexDataBinding, vertexDataRange)]);
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.Draw(_count, _instanceCount, 0, 0);
             }
         }
@@ -345,20 +340,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
             return maxOutputVertices / verticesPerPrimitive;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Binds a dummy buffer as vertex buffer into a buffer texture.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="reservations">Shader resource binding reservations</param>
-        /// <param name="index">Buffer texture index</param>
-        /// <param name="format">Buffer texture format</param>
-        private readonly void SetDummyBufferTexture(ResourceReservations reservations, int index, Format format)
-        {
-            ITexture bufferTexture = _vacContext.EnsureBufferTexture(index + 2, format);
-            bufferTexture.SetStorage(_vacContext.GetDummyBufferRange());
-
-            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTextureAndSampler(ShaderStage.Compute, reservations.GetVertexBufferTextureBinding(index), bufferTexture, null);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Binds a vertex buffer into a buffer texture.
         /// </summary>
@@ -371,7 +352,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
         {
             MemoryManager memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
 
-            BufferRange range = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(address).BufferCache.GetBufferRange(memoryManager.GetPhysicalRegions(address, size), BufferStage.VertexBuffer);
+            BufferRange range = memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(memoryManager.GetPhysicalRegions(address, size), BufferStage.VertexBuffer);
 
             ITexture bufferTexture = _vacContext.EnsureBufferTexture(index + 2, format);
             bufferTexture.SetStorage(range);
@@ -413,7 +394,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.ComputeDraw
             MemoryManager memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
 
             ulong misalign = address & ((ulong)_context.Capabilities.TextureBufferOffsetAlignment - 1);
-            BufferRange range = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(address).BufferCache.GetBufferRange(
+            BufferRange range = memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(
                 memoryManager.GetPhysicalRegions(address + indexOffset - misalign, size + misalign),
                 BufferStage.IndexBuffer);
             misalignedOffset = (int)misalign >> shift;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ConstantBufferUpdater.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
         // State associated with direct uniform buffer updates.
         // This state is used to attempt to batch together consecutive updates.
-        private ulong _ubBeginGpuAddress = 0;
         private ulong _ubBeginCpuAddress = 0;
         private ulong _ubFollowUpAddress = 0;
         private ulong _ubByteCount = 0;
@@ -114,13 +113,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             if (_ubFollowUpAddress != 0)
             {
                 MemoryManager memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
-                PhysicalMemory physicalMemory = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(_ubBeginGpuAddress);
 
                 Span<byte> data = MemoryMarshal.Cast<int, byte>(_ubData.AsSpan(0, (int)(_ubByteCount / 4)));
 
-                if (physicalMemory.WriteWithRedundancyCheck(_ubBeginCpuAddress, data))
+                if (memoryManager.Physical.WriteWithRedundancyCheck(_ubBeginCpuAddress, data))
                 {
-                    physicalMemory.BufferCache.ForceDirty(memoryManager, _ubFollowUpAddress - _ubByteCount, _ubByteCount);
+                    memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.ForceDirty(memoryManager, _ubFollowUpAddress - _ubByteCount, _ubByteCount);
                 }
 
                 _ubFollowUpAddress = 0;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/DrawManager.cs

@@ -641,8 +641,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         public void DrawIndirect(
             ThreedClass engine,
             PrimitiveTopology topology,
-            BufferCache indirectBufferCache,
-            BufferCache parameterBufferCache,
             MultiRange indirectBufferRange,
             MultiRange parameterBufferRange,
             int maxDrawCount,
@@ -664,6 +662,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 return;
             }
 
+            PhysicalMemory memory = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical;
+
             bool hasCount = (drawType & IndirectDrawType.Count) != 0;
             bool indexed = (drawType & IndirectDrawType.Indexed) != 0;
 
@@ -684,8 +684,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
 
             if (hasCount)
             {
-                BufferRange indirectBuffer = indirectBufferCache.GetBufferRange(indirectBufferRange, BufferStage.Indirect);
-                BufferRange parameterBuffer = parameterBufferCache.GetBufferRange(parameterBufferRange, BufferStage.Indirect);
+                BufferRange indirectBuffer = memory.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(indirectBufferRange, BufferStage.Indirect);
+                BufferRange parameterBuffer = memory.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(parameterBufferRange, BufferStage.Indirect);
 
                 if (indexed)
                 {
@@ -698,7 +698,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             }
             else
             {
-                BufferRange indirectBuffer = indirectBufferCache.GetBufferRange(indirectBufferRange, BufferStage.Indirect);
+                BufferRange indirectBuffer = memory.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(indirectBufferRange, BufferStage.Indirect);
 
                 if (indexed)
                 {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdateTracker.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Ryujinx.Graphics.Device;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/StateUpdater.cs

@@ -381,10 +381,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 {
                     BufferDescriptor sb = info.SBuffers[index];
 
-                    (PhysicalMemory physical, ulong sbDescAddress) = _channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(stage, sb.SbCbSlot);
+                    ulong sbDescAddress = _channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(stage, sb.SbCbSlot);
                     sbDescAddress += (ulong)sb.SbCbOffset * 4;
 
-                    SbDescriptor sbDescriptor = physical.Read<SbDescriptor>(sbDescAddress);
+                    SbDescriptor sbDescriptor = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.Read<SbDescriptor>(sbDescAddress);
 
                     uint size;
                     if (sb.SbCbSlot == Constants.DriverReservedUniformBuffer)
@@ -505,9 +505,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     rtNoAlphaMask |= 1u << index;
                 }
 
-                TextureCache colorTextureCache = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(colorState.Address.Pack()).TextureCache;
-
-                Image.Texture color = colorTextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
+                Image.Texture color = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
                     memoryManager,
                     colorState,
                     _vtgWritesRtLayer || layered,
@@ -515,7 +513,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                     samplesInX,
                     samplesInY,
                     sizeHint);
-                
+
                 changedScale |= _channel.TextureManager.SetRenderTargetColor(index, color);
 
                 if (color != null)
@@ -545,9 +543,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             {
                 RtDepthStencilState dsState = _state.State.RtDepthStencilState;
                 Size3D dsSize = _state.State.RtDepthStencilSize;
-                TextureCache dsTextureCache = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(dsState.Address.Pack()).TextureCache;
-                
-                depthStencil = dsTextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
+
+                depthStencil = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
                     memoryManager,
                     dsState,
                     dsSize,
@@ -1412,6 +1409,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// </summary>
         private void UpdateShaderState()
         {
+            ShaderCache shaderCache = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.ShaderCache;
+
             _vtgWritesRtLayer = false;
 
             ShaderAddresses addresses = new();
@@ -1434,9 +1433,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
                 ? _state.State.TexturePoolState.MaximumId
                 : _state.State.SamplerPoolState.MaximumId;
 
-            // Shader stages on different address spaces are not supported right now,
-            // but it should never happen in practice anyway.
-            ShaderCache shaderCache = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(addresses.VertexB).ShaderCache;
             CachedShaderProgram gs = shaderCache.GetGraphicsShader(
                 ref _state.State,
                 ref _pipeline,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Threed/ThreedClass.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.GPFifo;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.InlineToMemory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed.Blender;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Synchronization;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using System;
@@ -805,8 +804,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// Performs a indirect draw, with parameters from a GPU buffer.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="topology">Primitive topology</param>
-        /// <param name="indirectBufferCache">Buffer cache owning the buffer with the draw parameters</param>
-        /// <param name="parameterBufferCache">Buffer cache owning the buffer with the draw count</param>
         /// <param name="indirectBufferRange">Memory range of the buffer with the draw parameters, such as count, first index, etc</param>
         /// <param name="parameterBufferRange">Memory range of the buffer with the draw count</param>
         /// <param name="maxDrawCount">Maximum number of draws that can be made</param>
@@ -815,8 +812,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
         /// <param name="drawType">Type of the indirect draw, which can be indexed or non-indexed, with or without a draw count</param>
         public void DrawIndirect(
             PrimitiveTopology topology,
-            BufferCache indirectBufferCache,
-            BufferCache parameterBufferCache,
             MultiRange indirectBufferRange,
             MultiRange parameterBufferRange,
             int maxDrawCount,
@@ -824,7 +819,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Threed
             int indexCount,
             IndirectDrawType drawType)
         {
-            _drawManager.DrawIndirect(this, topology, indirectBufferCache, parameterBufferCache, indirectBufferRange, parameterBufferRange, maxDrawCount, stride, indexCount, drawType);
+            _drawManager.DrawIndirect(this, topology, indirectBufferRange, parameterBufferRange, maxDrawCount, stride, indexCount, drawType);
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Engine/Twod/TwodClass.cs

@@ -233,9 +233,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
 
             TwodTexture dstCopyTexture = Unsafe.As<uint, TwodTexture>(ref _state.State.SetDstFormat);
             TwodTexture srcCopyTexture = Unsafe.As<uint, TwodTexture>(ref _state.State.SetSrcFormat);
-            
-            TextureCache srcTextureCache = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(srcCopyTexture.Address.Pack()).TextureCache;
-            TextureCache dstTextureCache = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(dstCopyTexture.Address.Pack()).TextureCache;
 
             long srcX = ((long)_state.State.SetPixelsFromMemorySrcX0Int << 32) | (long)(ulong)_state.State.SetPixelsFromMemorySrcX0Frac;
             long srcY = ((long)_state.State.PixelsFromMemorySrcY0Int << 32) | (long)(ulong)_state.State.SetPixelsFromMemorySrcY0Frac;
@@ -308,7 +305,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
             // are the same, as we can't blit between different depth formats.
             bool srcDepthAlias = srcCopyTexture.Format == dstCopyTexture.Format;
 
-            Image.Texture srcTexture = srcTextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
+            Image.Texture srcTexture = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
                 memoryManager,
                 srcCopyTexture,
                 offset,
@@ -329,7 +326,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
                 return;
             }
 
-            srcTextureCache.Lift(srcTexture);
+            memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.Lift(srcTexture);
 
             // When the source texture that was found has a depth format,
             // we must enforce the target texture also has a depth format,
@@ -345,7 +342,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Twod
                 dstCopyTextureFormat = dstCopyTexture.Format.Convert();
             }
 
-            Image.Texture dstTexture = dstTextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
+            Image.Texture dstTexture = memoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(
                 memoryManager,
                 dstCopyTexture,
                 0,

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/GpuChannel.cs

@@ -58,24 +58,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         public void BindMemory(MemoryManager memoryManager)
         {
             MemoryManager oldMemoryManager = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _memoryManager, memoryManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(memoryManager)));
-            if (oldMemoryManager == memoryManager)
-            {
-                return;
-            }
 
-            memoryManager.AttachToChannel(BufferManager.Rebind);
+            memoryManager.Physical.IncrementReferenceCount();
 
             if (oldMemoryManager != null)
             {
-                oldMemoryManager.DetachFromChannel(BufferManager.Rebind);
+                oldMemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.NotifyBuffersModified -= BufferManager.Rebind;
+                oldMemoryManager.Physical.DecrementReferenceCount();
                 oldMemoryManager.MemoryUnmapped -= MemoryUnmappedHandler;
             }
 
+            memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.NotifyBuffersModified += BufferManager.Rebind;
             memoryManager.MemoryUnmapped += MemoryUnmappedHandler;
 
             // Since the memory manager changed, make sure we will get pools from addresses of the new memory manager.
             TextureManager.ReloadPools();
-            memoryManager.QueuePrune();
+            memoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.QueuePrune();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -88,7 +86,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
             TextureManager.ReloadPools();
 
             MemoryManager memoryManager = Volatile.Read(ref _memoryManager);
-            memoryManager?.QueuePrune();
+            memoryManager?.Physical.BufferCache.QueuePrune();
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -143,7 +141,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
             MemoryManager oldMemoryManager = Interlocked.Exchange(ref _memoryManager, null);
             if (oldMemoryManager != null)
             {
-                oldMemoryManager.DetachFromChannel(BufferManager.Rebind);
+                oldMemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.NotifyBuffersModified -= BufferManager.Rebind;
+                oldMemoryManager.Physical.DecrementReferenceCount();
                 oldMemoryManager.MemoryUnmapped -= MemoryUnmappedHandler;
             }
         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/GpuContext.cs

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.GPFifo;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Synchronization;
-using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -173,7 +172,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
                 throw new ArgumentException("The PID is invalid or the process was not registered", nameof(pid));
             }
 
-            return new MemoryManager(this, physicalMemory, cpuMemorySize);
+            return new MemoryManager(physicalMemory, cpuMemorySize);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
         /// <param name="pid">ID of the process that owns <paramref name="cpuMemory"/></param>
         /// <param name="cpuMemory">Virtual memory owned by the process</param>
         /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Thrown if <paramref name="pid"/> was already registered</exception>
-        public void RegisterProcess(ulong pid, IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked cpuMemory)
+        public void RegisterProcess(ulong pid, Cpu.IVirtualMemoryManagerTracked cpuMemory)
         {
             PhysicalMemory physicalMemory = new(this, cpuMemory);
             if (!PhysicalMemoryRegistry.TryAdd(pid, physicalMemory))

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/PoolCache.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="maximumId">Maximum ID of the texture pool</param>
         /// <param name="bindingsArrayCache">Cache of texture array bindings</param>
         /// <returns>The found or newly created texture pool</returns>
-        public T FindOrCreate(GpuChannel channel, PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address, int maximumId, TextureBindingsArrayCache bindingsArrayCache)
+        public T FindOrCreate(GpuChannel channel, ulong address, int maximumId, TextureBindingsArrayCache bindingsArrayCache)
         {
             // Remove old entries from the cache, if possible.
             while (_pools.Count > MaxCapacity && (_currentTimestamp - _pools.First.Value.CacheTimestamp) >= MinDeltaForRemoval)
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
 
             // If not found, create a new one.
-            pool = CreatePool(_context, channel, physicalMemory, address, maximumId);
+            pool = CreatePool(_context, channel, address, maximumId);
 
             pool.CacheNode = _pools.AddLast(pool);
             pool.CacheTimestamp = _currentTimestamp;
@@ -113,10 +112,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="context">GPU context that the pool belongs to</param>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel that the pool belongs to</param>
-        /// <param name="physicalMemory">GPU backing memory of the pool</param>
         /// <param name="address">Address of the pool in guest memory</param>
         /// <param name="maximumId">Maximum ID of the pool (equal to maximum minus one)</param>
-        protected abstract T CreatePool(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address, int maximumId);
+        protected abstract T CreatePool(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, ulong address, int maximumId);
 
         public void Dispose()
         {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/SamplerPoolCache.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
-
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
     /// <summary>
@@ -22,12 +20,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="context">GPU context that the sampler pool belongs to</param>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel that the texture pool belongs to</param>
-        /// <param name="physicalMemory">GPU backing memory of the pool</param>
         /// <param name="address">Address of the sampler pool in guest memory</param>
         /// <param name="maximumId">Maximum sampler ID of the sampler pool (equal to maximum samplers minus one)</param>
-        protected override SamplerPool CreatePool(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address, int maximumId)
+        protected override SamplerPool CreatePool(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, ulong address, int maximumId)
         {
-            return new SamplerPool(context, physicalMemory, address, maximumId);
+            return new SamplerPool(context, channel.MemoryManager.Physical, address, maximumId);
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsArrayCache.cs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
@@ -660,7 +661,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
             ISampler[] samplers = isImage ? null : new ISampler[bindingInfo.ArrayLength];
             ITexture[] textures = new ITexture[bindingInfo.ArrayLength];
-            BufferCache bufferCache = null;
 
             for (int index = 0; index < length; index++)
             {
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                 else
                 {
                     ref readonly TextureDescriptor descriptor = ref texturePool.GetForBinding(index, bindingInfo.FormatInfo, out texture);
-                    bufferCache = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(descriptor.UnpackAddress()).BufferCache;
+
                     if (texture != null)
                     {
                         entry.Textures[texture] = texture.InvalidatedSequence;
@@ -703,10 +703,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
                     if (isImage)
                     {
-                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.ImageArray, hostTexture, bufferCache, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);                    }
+                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.ImageArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
+                    }
                     else
                     {
-                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.TextureArray, hostTexture, bufferCache, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
+                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.TextureArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
                     }
                 }
                 else if (isImage)
@@ -797,11 +798,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     return;
                 }
 
-                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(textureBufferBounds.Physical.GetSpan(textureBufferBounds.Range));
-                
+                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(textureBufferBounds.Range));
+
                 if (separateSamplerBuffer)
                 {
-                    cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(samplerBufferBounds.Physical.GetSpan(samplerBufferBounds.Range));
+                    cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(samplerBufferBounds.Range));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -828,10 +829,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             }
             else
             {
-                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(textureBufferBounds.Physical.GetSpan(textureBufferBounds.Range));
+                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(textureBufferBounds.Range));
+
                 if (separateSamplerBuffer)
                 {
-                    cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(samplerBufferBounds.Physical.GetSpan(samplerBufferBounds.Range));
+                    cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(samplerBufferBounds.Range));
                 }
                 else
                 {
@@ -900,18 +902,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 if (hostTexture != null && texture.Target == Target.TextureBuffer)
                 {
-                    BufferCache bufferCache = textureBufferBounds.BufferCache;
-                    
                     // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
                     // Buffers are frequently re-created to accommodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
                     if (isImage)
                     {
-                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.ImageArray, hostTexture, bufferCache, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
+                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.ImageArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.TextureArray, hostTexture, bufferCache, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
+                        _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, entry.TextureArray, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, index);
                     }
                 }
                 else if (isImage)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureBindingsManager.cs

@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 ref BufferBounds bounds = ref _channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(_isCompute, stageIndex, textureBufferIndex);
 
-                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(bounds.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Range));
+                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Range));
                 cachedTextureBufferIndex = textureBufferIndex;
 
                 if (samplerBufferIndex == textureBufferIndex)
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             {
                 ref BufferBounds bounds = ref _channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(_isCompute, stageIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
 
-                cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(bounds.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Range));
+                cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Range));
                 cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
             }
         }
@@ -524,8 +524,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     // Ensure that the buffer texture is using the correct buffer as storage.
                     // Buffers are frequently re-created to accommodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
-                    BufferCache bufferCache = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(descriptor.UnpackAddress()).BufferCache;
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, bufferCache, texture.Range, bindingInfo, false);
+                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, false);
 
                     // Cache is not used for buffer texture, it must always rebind.
                     state.CachedTexture = null;
@@ -660,8 +659,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     // Buffers are frequently re-created to accommodate larger data, so we need to re-bind
                     // to ensure we're not using a old buffer that was already deleted.
 
-                    BufferCache bufferCache = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(descriptor.UnpackAddress()).BufferCache;
-                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, bufferCache, texture.Range, bindingInfo, true);
+                    _channel.BufferManager.SetBufferTextureStorage(stage, hostTexture, texture.Range, bindingInfo, true);
 
                     // Cache is not used for buffer texture, it must always rebind.
                     state.CachedTexture = null;
@@ -717,10 +715,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
             int packedId = ReadPackedId(stageIndex, handle, textureBufferIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
             int textureId = TextureHandle.UnpackTextureId(packedId);
 
-            PhysicalMemory physical = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(poolGpuVa);
             ulong poolAddress = _channel.MemoryManager.Translate(poolGpuVa);
 
-            TexturePool texturePool = _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, physical, poolAddress, maximumId, _bindingsArrayCache);
+            TexturePool texturePool = _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, poolAddress, maximumId, _bindingsArrayCache);
 
             TextureDescriptor descriptor;
 
@@ -754,12 +751,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         {
             (int textureWordOffset, int samplerWordOffset, TextureHandleType handleType) = TextureHandle.UnpackOffsets(wordOffset);
 
-            (PhysicalMemory texturePhysicalMemory, ulong textureBufferAddress) = _isCompute
+            ulong textureBufferAddress = _isCompute
                 ? _channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(textureBufferIndex)
                 : _channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(stageIndex, textureBufferIndex);
 
             int handle = textureBufferAddress != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped
-                ? texturePhysicalMemory.Read<int>(textureBufferAddress + (uint)textureWordOffset * 4)
+                ? _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.Read<int>(textureBufferAddress + (uint)textureWordOffset * 4)
                 : 0;
 
             // The "wordOffset" (which is really the immediate value used on texture instructions on the shader)
@@ -774,12 +771,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 if (handleType != TextureHandleType.SeparateConstantSamplerHandle)
                 {
-                    (PhysicalMemory samplerPhysicalMemory, ulong samplerBufferAddress) = _isCompute
+                    ulong samplerBufferAddress = _isCompute
                         ? _channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(samplerBufferIndex)
                         : _channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(stageIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
 
                     samplerHandle = samplerBufferAddress != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped
-                        ? samplerPhysicalMemory.Read<int>(samplerBufferAddress + (uint)samplerWordOffset * 4)
+                        ? _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.Read<int>(samplerBufferAddress + (uint)samplerWordOffset * 4)
                         : 0;
                 }
                 else
@@ -816,8 +813,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 if (poolAddress != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
                 {
-                    PhysicalMemory physical = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(_texturePoolGpuVa);
-                    texturePool = _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, physical, poolAddress, _texturePoolMaximumId, _bindingsArrayCache);
+                    texturePool = _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, poolAddress, _texturePoolMaximumId, _bindingsArrayCache);
                     _texturePool = texturePool;
                 }
             }
@@ -828,8 +824,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                 if (poolAddress != MemoryManager.PteUnmapped)
                 {
-                    PhysicalMemory physical = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(_samplerPoolGpuVa);
-                    samplerPool = _samplerPoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, physical, poolAddress, _samplerPoolMaximumId, _bindingsArrayCache);
+                    samplerPool = _samplerPoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, poolAddress, _samplerPoolMaximumId, _bindingsArrayCache);
                     _samplerPool = samplerPool;
                 }
             }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TextureManager.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine.Types;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader;
 using System;
 
@@ -386,9 +385,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         public TexturePool GetTexturePool(ulong poolGpuVa, int maximumId)
         {
             ulong poolAddress = _channel.MemoryManager.Translate(poolGpuVa);
-            PhysicalMemory physical = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(poolAddress);
 
-            TexturePool texturePool = _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, physical, poolAddress, maximumId, _bindingsArrayCache);
+            TexturePool texturePool = _texturePoolCache.FindOrCreate(_channel, poolAddress, maximumId, _bindingsArrayCache);
 
             return texturePool;
         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TexturePool.cs

@@ -160,10 +160,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="context">GPU context that the texture pool belongs to</param>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel that the texture pool belongs to</param>
-        /// <param name="physicalMemory">Backing memory of the pool</param>
         /// <param name="address">Address of the texture pool in guest memory</param>
         /// <param name="maximumId">Maximum texture ID of the texture pool (equal to maximum textures minus one)</param>
-        public TexturePool(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address, int maximumId) : base(context, physicalMemory, address, maximumId)
+        public TexturePool(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, ulong address, int maximumId) : base(context, channel.MemoryManager.Physical, address, maximumId)
         {
             _channel = channel;
             _aliasLists = new Dictionary<Texture, TextureAliasList>();
@@ -194,9 +193,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     }
 
                     TextureInfo info = GetInfo(descriptor, out int layerSize);
-                    MemoryManager memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
-                    TextureCache textureCache = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(descriptor.UnpackAddress()).TextureCache;
-                    texture = textureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(memoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler, info, layerSize);
+                    texture = PhysicalMemory.TextureCache.FindOrCreateTexture(_channel.MemoryManager, TextureSearchFlags.ForSampler, info, layerSize);
 
                     // If this happens, then the texture address is invalid, we can't add it to the cache.
                     if (texture == null)
@@ -424,8 +421,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    TextureCache textureCache = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(address).TextureCache;
-                    MultiRange range = textureCache.UpdatePartiallyMapped(_channel.MemoryManager, address, texture);
+                    MultiRange range = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.UpdatePartiallyMapped(_channel.MemoryManager, address, texture);
 
                     // If the texture is not mapped at all, delete its reference.
 
@@ -450,7 +446,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
                     if (!range.Equals(texture.Range))
                     {
                         // Part of the texture was mapped or unmapped. Replace the range and regenerate tracking handles.
-                        if (!textureCache.UpdateMapping(texture, range))
+                        if (!_channel.MemoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.UpdateMapping(texture, range))
                         {
                             // Texture could not be remapped due to a collision, just delete it.
                             if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref Items[request.ID], null) != null)
@@ -485,7 +481,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// <param name="size">Size of the range being invalidated</param>
         protected override void InvalidateRangeImpl(ulong address, ulong size)
         {
-            MemoryManager memoryManager = _channel.MemoryManager;
             ProcessDereferenceQueue();
 
             ulong endAddress = address + size;
@@ -510,8 +505,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 
                     if (texture.HasOneReference())
                     {
-                        TextureCache textureCache = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(descriptor.UnpackAddress()).TextureCache;
-                        textureCache.AddShortCache(texture, ref cachedDescriptor);
+                        _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.TextureCache.AddShortCache(texture, ref cachedDescriptor);
                     }
 
                     if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref Items[id], null) != null)

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Image/TexturePoolCache.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
-
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
 {
     /// <summary>
@@ -22,17 +20,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="context">GPU context that the texture pool belongs to</param>
         /// <param name="channel">GPU channel that the texture pool belongs to</param>
-        /// <param name="physicalMemory">Backing memory of the pool</param>
         /// <param name="address">Address of the texture pool in guest memory</param>
         /// <param name="maximumId">Maximum texture ID of the texture pool (equal to maximum textures minus one)</param>
-        protected override TexturePool CreatePool(
-            GpuContext context,
-            GpuChannel channel,
-            PhysicalMemory physicalMemory,
-            ulong address,
-            int maximumId)
+        protected override TexturePool CreatePool(GpuContext context, GpuChannel channel, ulong address, int maximumId)
         {
-            return new TexturePool(context, channel, physicalMemory, address, maximumId);
+            return new TexturePool(context, channel, address, maximumId);
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferBounds.cs

@@ -9,16 +9,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
     /// </summary>
     readonly struct BufferBounds : IEquatable<BufferBounds>
     {
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Physical memory backing the buffer.
-        /// </summary>
-        public PhysicalMemory Physical { get; }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Buffer cache that owns the buffer.
-        /// </summary>
-        public BufferCache BufferCache => Physical.BufferCache;
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Physical memory ranges where the buffer is mapped.
         /// </summary>
@@ -39,9 +29,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="range">Physical memory ranges where the buffer is mapped</param>
         /// <param name="flags">Buffer usage flags</param>
-        public BufferBounds(PhysicalMemory physical, MultiRange range, BufferUsageFlags flags = BufferUsageFlags.None)
+        public BufferBounds(MultiRange range, BufferUsageFlags flags = BufferUsageFlags.None)
         {
-            Physical = physical;
             Range = range;
             Flags = flags;
         }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferCache.cs

@@ -735,22 +735,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <remarks>
         /// This does a GPU side copy.
         /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
         /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager where the buffer is mapped</param>
         /// <param name="srcVa">GPU virtual address of the copy source</param>
         /// <param name="dstVa">GPU virtual address of the copy destination</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the copy</param>
-        public static void CopyBuffer(GpuContext context, MemoryManager memoryManager, ulong srcVa, ulong dstVa, ulong size)
+        public void CopyBuffer(MemoryManager memoryManager, ulong srcVa, ulong dstVa, ulong size)
         {
-            PhysicalMemory srcPhysical = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(srcVa);
-            PhysicalMemory dstPhysical = memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(dstVa);
-
-            MultiRange srcRange = srcPhysical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(memoryManager, srcVa, size, BufferStage.Copy);
-            MultiRange dstRange = dstPhysical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(memoryManager, dstVa, size, BufferStage.Copy);
+            MultiRange srcRange = TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffersPhysicalOnly(memoryManager, srcVa, size, BufferStage.Copy);
+            MultiRange dstRange = TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffersPhysicalOnly(memoryManager, dstVa, size, BufferStage.Copy);
 
             if (srcRange.Count == 1 && dstRange.Count == 1)
             {
-                CopyBufferSingleRange(context, srcPhysical, dstPhysical, srcRange.GetSubRange(0).Address, dstRange.GetSubRange(0).Address, size);
+                CopyBufferSingleRange(memoryManager, srcRange.GetSubRange(0).Address, dstRange.GetSubRange(0).Address, size);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -781,7 +777,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                     ulong dstSize = dstSubRange.Size - dstOffset;
                     ulong copySize = Math.Min(srcSize, dstSize);
 
-                    CopyBufferSingleRange(context, srcPhysical, dstPhysical, srcSubRange.Address + srcOffset, dstSubRange.Address + dstOffset, copySize);
+                    CopyBufferSingleRange(memoryManager, srcSubRange.Address + srcOffset, dstSubRange.Address + dstOffset, copySize);
 
                     srcOffset += copySize;
                     dstOffset += copySize;
@@ -797,26 +793,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// This does a GPU side copy.
         /// </remarks>
         /// <param name="memoryManager">GPU memory manager where the buffer is mapped</param>
-        /// <param name="srcPhysical">Physical memory backing the source buffer.</param>
-        /// <param name="dstPhysical">Physical memory backing the destination buffer.</param>
         /// <param name="srcAddress">Physical address of the copy source</param>
         /// <param name="dstAddress">Physical address of the copy destination</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the copy</param>
-        private static void CopyBufferSingleRange(
-            GpuContext context,
-            PhysicalMemory srcPhysical,
-            PhysicalMemory dstPhysical,
-            ulong srcAddress,
-            ulong dstAddress,
-            ulong size)
+        private void CopyBufferSingleRange(MemoryManager memoryManager, ulong srcAddress, ulong dstAddress, ulong size)
         {
-            Buffer srcBuffer = srcPhysical.BufferCache.GetBuffer(srcAddress, size, BufferStage.Copy);
-            Buffer dstBuffer = dstPhysical.BufferCache.GetBuffer(dstAddress, size, BufferStage.Copy);
+            Buffer srcBuffer = GetBuffer(srcAddress, size, BufferStage.Copy);
+            Buffer dstBuffer = GetBuffer(dstAddress, size, BufferStage.Copy);
 
             int srcOffset = (int)(srcAddress - srcBuffer.Address);
             int dstOffset = (int)(dstAddress - dstBuffer.Address);
 
-            context.Renderer.Pipeline.CopyBuffer(
+            _context.Renderer.Pipeline.CopyBuffer(
                 srcBuffer.Handle,
                 dstBuffer.Handle,
                 srcOffset,
@@ -832,7 +820,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                 // Optimization: If the data being copied is already in memory, then copy it directly instead of flushing from GPU.
 
                 dstBuffer.ClearModified(dstAddress, size);
-                dstPhysical.WriteTrackedResource(dstAddress, srcPhysical.GetSpan(srcAddress, (int)size), ResourceKind.Buffer);
+                memoryManager.Physical.WriteTrackedResource(dstAddress, memoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(srcAddress, (int)size), ResourceKind.Buffer);
             }
 
             dstBuffer.CopyToDependantVirtualBuffers(dstAddress, size);
@@ -861,7 +849,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
                 _context.Renderer.Pipeline.ClearBuffer(buffer.Handle, offset, (int)subRange.Size, value);
 
-                memoryManager.GetBackingMemory(gpuVa).FillTrackedResource(subRange.Address, subRange.Size, value, ResourceKind.Buffer);
+                memoryManager.Physical.FillTrackedResource(subRange.Address, subRange.Size, value, ResourceKind.Buffer);
 
                 buffer.CopyToDependantVirtualBuffers(subRange.Address, subRange.Size);
             }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferManager.cs

@@ -66,19 +66,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                 Buffers = new BufferBounds[count];
                 Unaligned = new bool[count];
 
-                Buffers.AsSpan().Fill(new BufferBounds(null, new MultiRange(MemoryManager.PteUnmapped, 0UL)));
+                Buffers.AsSpan().Fill(new BufferBounds(new MultiRange(MemoryManager.PteUnmapped, 0UL)));
             }
 
             /// <summary>
             /// Sets the region of a buffer at a given slot.
             /// </summary>
             /// <param name="index">Buffer slot</param>
-            /// <param name="physical">Physical memory backing the buffer</param>
             /// <param name="range">Physical memory regions where the buffer is mapped</param>
             /// <param name="flags">Buffer usage flags</param>
-            public void SetBounds(int index, PhysicalMemory physical, MultiRange range, BufferUsageFlags flags = BufferUsageFlags.None)
+            public void SetBounds(int index, MultiRange range, BufferUsageFlags flags = BufferUsageFlags.None)
             {
-                Buffers[index] = new BufferBounds(physical, range, flags);
+                Buffers[index] = new BufferBounds(range, flags);
             }
 
             /// <summary>
@@ -157,10 +156,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="type">Type of each index buffer element</param>
         public void SetIndexBuffer(ulong gpuVa, ulong size, IndexType type)
         {
-            BufferCache bufferCache = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(gpuVa).BufferCache;
-            MultiRange range = bufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStage.IndexBuffer);
+            MultiRange range = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStage.IndexBuffer);
 
-            _indexBuffer.BufferCache = bufferCache;
             _indexBuffer.Range = range;
             _indexBuffer.Type = type;
 
@@ -189,15 +186,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="divisor">Vertex divisor of the buffer, for instanced draws</param>
         public void SetVertexBuffer(int index, ulong gpuVa, ulong size, int stride, int divisor)
         {
-            BufferCache bufferCache = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(gpuVa).BufferCache;
-            MultiRange range = bufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStage.VertexBuffer);
+            MultiRange range = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStage.VertexBuffer);
 
-            ref VertexBuffer vb = ref _vertexBuffers[index];
-
-            vb.BufferCache = bufferCache;
-            vb.Range = range;
-            vb.Stride = stride;
-            vb.Divisor = divisor;
+            _vertexBuffers[index].Range = range;
+            _vertexBuffers[index].Stride = stride;
+            _vertexBuffers[index].Divisor = divisor;
 
             _vertexBuffersDirty = true;
 
@@ -220,10 +213,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the transform feedback buffer</param>
         public void SetTransformFeedbackBuffer(int index, ulong gpuVa, ulong size)
         {
-            PhysicalMemory physical = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(gpuVa);
-            MultiRange range = physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStage.TransformFeedback);
+            MultiRange range = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStage.TransformFeedback);
 
-            _transformFeedbackBuffers[index] = new BufferBounds(physical, range);
+            _transformFeedbackBuffers[index] = new BufferBounds(range);
             _transformFeedbackBuffersDirty = true;
         }
 
@@ -266,12 +258,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             RecordStorageAlignment(_cpStorageBuffers, index, gpuVa);
 
-            gpuVa = BitUtils.AlignDown(gpuVa, (ulong)_context.Capabilities.StorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
+            gpuVa = BitUtils.AlignDown<ulong>(gpuVa, (ulong)_context.Capabilities.StorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
 
-            PhysicalMemory physical = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(gpuVa);
-            MultiRange range = physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStageUtils.ComputeStorage(flags));
+            MultiRange range = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStageUtils.ComputeStorage(flags));
 
-            _cpStorageBuffers.SetBounds(index, physical, range, flags);
+            _cpStorageBuffers.SetBounds(index, range, flags);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -291,17 +282,16 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             RecordStorageAlignment(buffers, index, gpuVa);
 
-            gpuVa = BitUtils.AlignDown(gpuVa, (ulong)_context.Capabilities.StorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
+            gpuVa = BitUtils.AlignDown<ulong>(gpuVa, (ulong)_context.Capabilities.StorageBufferOffsetAlignment);
 
-            PhysicalMemory physical = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(gpuVa);
-            MultiRange range = physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStageUtils.GraphicsStorage(stage, flags));
+            MultiRange range = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateMultiBuffers(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStageUtils.GraphicsStorage(stage, flags));
 
             if (!buffers.Buffers[index].Range.Equals(range))
             {
                 _gpStorageBuffersDirty = true;
             }
 
-            buffers.SetBounds(index, physical, range, flags);
+            buffers.SetBounds(index, range, flags);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -313,10 +303,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the storage buffer</param>
         public void SetComputeUniformBuffer(int index, ulong gpuVa, ulong size)
         {
-            PhysicalMemory physical = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(gpuVa);
-            MultiRange range = physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStage.Compute);
+            MultiRange range = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStage.Compute);
 
-            _cpUniformBuffers.SetBounds(index, physical, range);
+            _cpUniformBuffers.SetBounds(index, range);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -329,10 +318,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the storage buffer</param>
         public void SetGraphicsUniformBuffer(int stage, int index, ulong gpuVa, ulong size)
         {
-            PhysicalMemory physical = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(gpuVa);
-            MultiRange range = _channel.MemoryManager.GetBackingMemory(gpuVa).BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStageUtils.FromShaderStage(stage));
+            MultiRange range = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.TranslateAndCreateBuffer(_channel.MemoryManager, gpuVa, size, BufferStageUtils.FromShaderStage(stage));
 
-            _gpUniformBuffers[stage].SetBounds(index, physical, range);
+            _gpUniformBuffers[stage].SetBounds(index, range);
             _gpUniformBuffersDirty = true;
         }
 
@@ -428,10 +416,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="index">Index of the uniform buffer binding</param>
         /// <returns>The uniform buffer address, or an undefined value if the buffer is not currently bound</returns>
-        public (PhysicalMemory, ulong) GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(int index)
+        public ulong GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(int index)
         {
-            ref BufferBounds buffer = ref _cpUniformBuffers.Buffers[index];
-            return (buffer.Physical, buffer.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address);
+            return _cpUniformBuffers.Buffers[index].Range.GetSubRange(0).Address;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -450,10 +437,9 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="stage">Index of the shader stage</param>
         /// <param name="index">Index of the uniform buffer binding</param>
         /// <returns>The uniform buffer address, or an undefined value if the buffer is not currently bound</returns>
-        public (PhysicalMemory, ulong) GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(int stage, int index)
+        public ulong GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(int stage, int index)
         {
-            ref BufferBounds buffer = ref _gpUniformBuffers[stage].Buffers[index];
-            return (buffer.Physical, buffer.Range.GetSubRange(0).Address);
+            return _gpUniformBuffers[stage].Buffers[index].Range.GetSubRange(0).Address;
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -492,10 +478,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// </summary>
         public void CommitComputeBindings()
         {
-            BindBuffers(_cpStorageBuffers, isStorage: true);
-            BindBuffers(_cpUniformBuffers, isStorage: false);
+            BufferCache bufferCache = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache;
 
-            CommitBufferTextureBindings();
+            BindBuffers(bufferCache, _cpStorageBuffers, isStorage: true);
+            BindBuffers(bufferCache, _cpUniformBuffers, isStorage: false);
+
+            CommitBufferTextureBindings(bufferCache);
 
             // Force rebind after doing compute work.
             Rebind();
@@ -507,14 +495,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// Commit any queued buffer texture bindings.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="bufferCache">Buffer cache</param>
-        private void CommitBufferTextureBindings()
+        private void CommitBufferTextureBindings(BufferCache bufferCache)
         {
             if (_bufferTextures.Count > 0)
             {
                 foreach (BufferTextureBinding binding in _bufferTextures)
                 {
                     bool isStore = binding.BindingInfo.Flags.HasFlag(TextureUsageFlags.ImageStore);
-                    BufferRange range = binding.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(binding.Range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(binding.Stage, binding.BindingInfo.Flags), isStore);
+                    BufferRange range = bufferCache.GetBufferRange(binding.Range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(binding.Stage, binding.BindingInfo.Flags), isStore);
                     binding.Texture.SetStorage(range);
 
                     // The texture must be rebound to use the new storage if it was updated.
@@ -538,7 +526,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
                 foreach (BufferTextureArrayBinding<ITextureArray> binding in _bufferTextureArrays)
                 {
-                    BufferRange range = binding.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(binding.Range, BufferStage.None);
+                    BufferRange range = bufferCache.GetBufferRange(binding.Range, BufferStage.None);
                     binding.Texture.SetStorage(range);
 
                     textureArray[0] = binding.Texture;
@@ -548,7 +536,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                 foreach (BufferTextureArrayBinding<IImageArray> binding in _bufferImageArrays)
                 {
                     bool isStore = binding.BindingInfo.Flags.HasFlag(TextureUsageFlags.ImageStore);
-                    BufferRange range = binding.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(binding.Range, BufferStage.None, isStore);
+                    BufferRange range = bufferCache.GetBufferRange(binding.Range, BufferStage.None, isStore);
                     binding.Texture.SetStorage(range);
 
                     textureArray[0] = binding.Texture;
@@ -567,6 +555,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="indexed">True if the index buffer is in use</param>
         public void CommitGraphicsBindings(bool indexed)
         {
+            BufferCache bufferCache = _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache;
+
             if (indexed)
             {
                 if (_indexBufferDirty || _rebind)
@@ -575,14 +565,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
                     if (!_indexBuffer.Range.IsUnmapped)
                     {
-                        BufferRange buffer = _indexBuffer.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(_indexBuffer.Range, BufferStage.IndexBuffer);
+                        BufferRange buffer = bufferCache.GetBufferRange(_indexBuffer.Range, BufferStage.IndexBuffer);
 
                         _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetIndexBuffer(buffer, _indexBuffer.Type);
                     }
                 }
                 else if (!_indexBuffer.Range.IsUnmapped)
                 {
-                    _indexBuffer.BufferCache.SynchronizeBufferRange(_indexBuffer.Range);
+                    bufferCache.SynchronizeBufferRange(_indexBuffer.Range);
                 }
             }
             else if (_rebind)
@@ -607,7 +597,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    BufferRange buffer = vb.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(vb.Range, BufferStage.VertexBuffer);
+                    BufferRange buffer = bufferCache.GetBufferRange(vb.Range, BufferStage.VertexBuffer);
 
                     vertexBuffers[index] = new VertexBufferDescriptor(buffer, vb.Stride, vb.Divisor);
                 }
@@ -625,7 +615,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    vb.BufferCache.SynchronizeBufferRange(vb.Range);
+                    bufferCache.SynchronizeBufferRange(vb.Range);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -647,7 +637,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                             continue;
                         }
 
-                        tfbs[index] = tfb.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(tfb.Range, BufferStage.TransformFeedback, write: true);
+                        tfbs[index] = bufferCache.GetBufferRange(tfb.Range, BufferStage.TransformFeedback, write: true);
                     }
 
                     _context.Renderer.Pipeline.SetTransformFeedbackBuffers(tfbs);
@@ -694,7 +684,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
                             _context.SupportBufferUpdater.SetTfeOffset(index, tfeOffset);
 
-                            buffers[index] = new BufferAssignment(index, tfb.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(range, BufferStage.TransformFeedback, write: true));
+                            buffers[index] = new BufferAssignment(index, bufferCache.GetBufferRange(range, BufferStage.TransformFeedback, write: true));
                         }
                     }
 
@@ -712,7 +702,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    tfb.BufferCache.SynchronizeBufferRange(tfb.Range);
+                    bufferCache.SynchronizeBufferRange(tfb.Range);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -720,7 +710,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             {
                 _gpStorageBuffersDirty = false;
 
-                BindBuffers(_gpStorageBuffers, isStorage: true);
+                BindBuffers(bufferCache, _gpStorageBuffers, isStorage: true);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -731,14 +721,14 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             {
                 _gpUniformBuffersDirty = false;
 
-                BindBuffers(_gpUniformBuffers, isStorage: false);
+                BindBuffers(bufferCache, _gpUniformBuffers, isStorage: false);
             }
             else
             {
                 UpdateBuffers(_gpUniformBuffers);
             }
 
-            CommitBufferTextureBindings();
+            CommitBufferTextureBindings(bufferCache);
 
             _rebind = false;
 
@@ -752,7 +742,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="bindings">Buffer memory ranges to bind</param>
         /// <param name="isStorage">True to bind as storage buffer, false to bind as uniform buffer</param>
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        private void BindBuffers(BuffersPerStage[] bindings, bool isStorage)
+        private void BindBuffers(BufferCache bufferCache, BuffersPerStage[] bindings, bool isStorage)
         {
             int rangesCount = 0;
 
@@ -773,8 +763,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                     {
                         bool isWrite = bounds.Flags.HasFlag(BufferUsageFlags.Write);
                         BufferRange range = isStorage
-                            ? bounds.BufferCache.GetBufferRangeAligned(bounds.Range, bufferStage | BufferStageUtils.FromUsage(bounds.Flags), isWrite)
-                            : bounds.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(bounds.Range, bufferStage);
+                            ? bufferCache.GetBufferRangeAligned(bounds.Range, bufferStage | BufferStageUtils.FromUsage(bounds.Flags), isWrite)
+                            : bufferCache.GetBufferRange(bounds.Range, bufferStage);
 
                         ranges[rangesCount++] = new BufferAssignment(bindingInfo.Binding, range);
                     }
@@ -790,10 +780,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <summary>
         /// Bind respective buffer bindings on the host API.
         /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bufferCache">Buffer cache holding the buffers for the specified ranges</param>
         /// <param name="buffers">Buffer memory ranges to bind</param>
         /// <param name="isStorage">True to bind as storage buffer, false to bind as uniform buffer</param>
         [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
-        private void BindBuffers(BuffersPerStage buffers, bool isStorage)
+        private void BindBuffers(BufferCache bufferCache, BuffersPerStage buffers, bool isStorage)
         {
             int rangesCount = 0;
 
@@ -809,8 +800,8 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                 {
                     bool isWrite = bounds.Flags.HasFlag(BufferUsageFlags.Write);
                     BufferRange range = isStorage
-                        ? bounds.BufferCache.GetBufferRangeAligned(bounds.Range, BufferStageUtils.ComputeStorage(bounds.Flags), isWrite)
-                        : bounds.BufferCache.GetBufferRange(bounds.Range, BufferStage.Compute);
+                        ? bufferCache.GetBufferRangeAligned(bounds.Range, BufferStageUtils.ComputeStorage(bounds.Flags), isWrite)
+                        : bufferCache.GetBufferRange(bounds.Range, BufferStage.Compute);
 
                     ranges[rangesCount++] = new BufferAssignment(bindingInfo.Binding, range);
                 }
@@ -863,7 +854,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                         continue;
                     }
 
-                    bounds.BufferCache.SynchronizeBufferRange(bounds.Range);
+                    _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.SynchronizeBufferRange(bounds.Range);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -880,14 +871,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         public void SetBufferTextureStorage(
             ShaderStage stage,
             ITexture texture,
-            BufferCache bufferCache,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
             bool isImage)
         {
-            bufferCache.CreateBuffer(range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(stage, bindingInfo.Flags));
+            _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CreateBuffer(range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(stage, bindingInfo.Flags));
 
-            _bufferTextures.Add(new BufferTextureBinding(stage, texture, bufferCache, range, bindingInfo, isImage));
+            _bufferTextures.Add(new BufferTextureBinding(stage, texture, range, bindingInfo, isImage));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -904,14 +894,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             ShaderStage stage,
             ITextureArray array,
             ITexture texture,
-            BufferCache bufferCache,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
             int index)
         {
-            bufferCache.CreateBuffer(range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(stage, bindingInfo.Flags));
+            _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CreateBuffer(range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(stage, bindingInfo.Flags));
 
-            _bufferTextureArrays.Add(new BufferTextureArrayBinding<ITextureArray>(array, texture, bufferCache, range, bindingInfo, index));
+            _bufferTextureArrays.Add(new BufferTextureArrayBinding<ITextureArray>(array, texture, range, bindingInfo, index));
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -928,14 +917,13 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             ShaderStage stage,
             IImageArray array,
             ITexture texture,
-            BufferCache bufferCache,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
             int index)
         {
-            bufferCache.CreateBuffer(range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(stage, bindingInfo.Flags));
+            _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.BufferCache.CreateBuffer(range, BufferStageUtils.TextureBuffer(stage, bindingInfo.Flags));
 
-            _bufferImageArrays.Add(new BufferTextureArrayBinding<IImageArray>(array, texture, bufferCache, range, bindingInfo, index));
+            _bufferImageArrays.Add(new BufferTextureArrayBinding<IImageArray>(array, texture, range, bindingInfo, index));
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferTextureArrayBinding.cs

@@ -19,11 +19,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// </summary>
         public ITexture Texture { get; }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Buffer cache that owns the buffer.
-        /// </summary>
-        public BufferCache BufferCache { get; }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Physical ranges of memory where the buffer texture data is located.
         /// </summary>
@@ -44,21 +39,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="array">Array</param>
         /// <param name="texture">Buffer texture</param>
-        /// <param name="bufferCache">Buffer cache that owns the buffer</param>
         /// <param name="range">Physical ranges of memory where the buffer texture data is located</param>
         /// <param name="bindingInfo">Binding info</param>
         /// <param name="index">Index of the binding on the array</param>
         public BufferTextureArrayBinding(
             T array,
             ITexture texture,
-            BufferCache bufferCache,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
             int index)
         {
             Array = array;
             Texture = texture;
-            BufferCache = bufferCache;
             Range = range;
             BindingInfo = bindingInfo;
             Index = index;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/BufferTextureBinding.cs

@@ -20,11 +20,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// </summary>
         public ITexture Texture { get; }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Buffer cache that owns the buffer.
-        /// </summary>
-        public BufferCache BufferCache { get; }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Physical ranges of memory where the buffer texture data is located.
         /// </summary>
@@ -45,21 +40,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="stage">Shader stage accessing the texture</param>
         /// <param name="texture">Buffer texture</param>
-        /// <param name="bufferCache">Buffer cache that owns the buffer</param>
         /// <param name="range">Physical ranges of memory where the buffer texture data is located</param>
         /// <param name="bindingInfo">Binding info</param>
         /// <param name="isImage">Whether the binding is for an image or a sampler</param>
         public BufferTextureBinding(
             ShaderStage stage,
             ITexture texture,
-            BufferCache bufferCache,
             MultiRange range,
             TextureBindingInfo bindingInfo,
             bool isImage)
         {
             Stage = stage;
             Texture = texture;
-            BufferCache = bufferCache;
             Range = range;
             BindingInfo = bindingInfo;
             IsImage = isImage;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/IndexBuffer.cs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
     /// </summary>
     struct IndexBuffer
     {
-        public BufferCache BufferCache;
         public MultiRange Range;
         public IndexType Type;
     }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/MemoryManager.cs

@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
         public event EventHandler<UnmapEventArgs> MemoryUnmapped;
 
-        private readonly GpuContext _context;
-        private readonly List<PhysicalMemory> _physicalMemoryList;
-        private readonly Dictionary<PhysicalMemory, byte> _physicalMemoryMap;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Physical memory where the virtual memory is mapped into.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal PhysicalMemory Physical { get; }
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Virtual range cache.
@@ -53,65 +54,19 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <summary>
         /// Creates a new instance of the GPU memory manager.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="context">GPU context</param>
         /// <param name="physicalMemory">Physical memory that this memory manager will map into</param>
         /// <param name="cpuMemorySize">The amount of physical CPU Memory Avaiable on the device.</param>
-
-        internal MemoryManager(GpuContext context, PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong cpuMemorySize)
+        internal MemoryManager(PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong cpuMemorySize)
         {
-            _context = context;
-
-            _physicalMemoryList = new List<PhysicalMemory>()
-            {
-                physicalMemory
-            };
-
-            _physicalMemoryMap = new Dictionary<PhysicalMemory, byte>
-            {
-                { physicalMemory, 0 }
-            };
-
+            Physical = physicalMemory;
             VirtualRangeCache = new VirtualRangeCache(this);
             CounterCache = new CounterCache();
             _pageTable = new ulong[PtLvl0Size][];
-            MemoryUnmapped += physicalMemory.TextureCache.MemoryUnmappedHandler;
-            MemoryUnmapped += physicalMemory.BufferCache.MemoryUnmappedHandler;
+            MemoryUnmapped += Physical.TextureCache.MemoryUnmappedHandler;
+            MemoryUnmapped += Physical.BufferCache.MemoryUnmappedHandler;
             MemoryUnmapped += VirtualRangeCache.MemoryUnmappedHandler;
             MemoryUnmapped += CounterCache.MemoryUnmappedHandler;
-            physicalMemory.TextureCache.Initialize(cpuMemorySize);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Attaches the memory manager to a new GPU channel.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="rebind">Action to be performed when the buffer cache changes</param>
-        internal void AttachToChannel(Action rebind)
-        {
-            PhysicalMemory physicalMemory = GetOwnPhysicalMemory();
-
-            physicalMemory.IncrementReferenceCount();
-            physicalMemory.BufferCache.NotifyBuffersModified += rebind;
-            physicalMemory.BufferCache.QueuePrune();
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Attaches the memory manager to a new GPU channel.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="rebind">Action that was performed when the buffer cache changed</param>
-        internal void DetachFromChannel(Action rebind)
-        {
-            PhysicalMemory physicalMemory = GetOwnPhysicalMemory();
-
-            physicalMemory.BufferCache.NotifyBuffersModified -= rebind;
-            physicalMemory.DecrementReferenceCount();
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Queues a prune of invalid entries on the buffer cache.
-        /// </summary>
-        internal void QueuePrune()
-        {
-            GetOwnPhysicalMemory().BufferCache.QueuePrune();
+            Physical.TextureCache.Initialize(cpuMemorySize);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -127,15 +82,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             if (IsContiguous(va, size))
             {
-                (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
+                ulong address = Translate(va);
 
                 if (tracked)
                 {
-                    return physicalMemory.ReadTracked<T>(address);
+                    return Physical.ReadTracked<T>(address);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    return physicalMemory.Read<T>(address);
+                    return Physical.Read<T>(address);
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -159,9 +114,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         {
             if (IsContiguous(va, size))
             {
-                (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
-
-                return physicalMemory.GetSpan(address, size, tracked);
+                return Physical.GetSpan(Translate(va), size, tracked);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -186,7 +139,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             bool isContiguous = true;
             int mappedSize;
 
-            if (ValidateAddress(va) && IsMappedOnGpuAndPhysical(va))
+            if (ValidateAddress(va) && GetPte(va) != PteUnmapped && Physical.IsMapped(Translate(va)))
             {
                 ulong endVa = va + (ulong)size;
                 ulong endVaAligned = (endVa + PageMask) & ~PageMask;
@@ -199,7 +152,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
                     ulong nextVa = currentVa + PageSize;
                     ulong nextPa = Translate(nextVa);
 
-                    if (!ValidateAddress(nextVa) || !IsMappedOnGpuAndPhysical(nextVa))
+                    if (!ValidateAddress(nextVa) || GetPte(nextVa) == PteUnmapped || !Physical.IsMapped(nextPa))
                     {
                         break;
                     }
@@ -228,9 +181,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             if (isContiguous)
             {
-                (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
-
-                return physicalMemory.GetSpan(address, mappedSize, tracked);
+                return Physical.GetSpan(Translate(va), mappedSize, tracked);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -242,23 +193,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             }
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Checks if a page of memory is mapped on the GPU and its backing memory.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address of the page</param>
-        /// <returns>True if mapped, false otherwise</returns>
-        private bool IsMappedOnGpuAndPhysical(ulong va)
-        {
-            (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
-
-            if (address == PteUnmapped)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            return physicalMemory.IsMapped(address);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Reads data from a possibly non-contiguous region of GPU mapped memory.
         /// </summary>
@@ -276,22 +210,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             if ((va & PageMask) != 0)
             {
-                (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong pa) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
+                ulong pa = Translate(va);
 
                 size = Math.Min(data.Length, (int)PageSize - (int)(va & PageMask));
 
-                physicalMemory.GetSpan(pa, size, tracked).CopyTo(data[..size]);
+                Physical.GetSpan(pa, size, tracked).CopyTo(data[..size]);
 
                 offset += size;
             }
 
             for (; offset < data.Length; offset += size)
             {
-                (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong pa) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va + (ulong)offset);
+                ulong pa = Translate(va + (ulong)offset);
 
                 size = Math.Min(data.Length - offset, (int)PageSize);
 
-                physicalMemory.GetSpan(pa, size, tracked).CopyTo(data.Slice(offset, size));
+                Physical.GetSpan(pa, size, tracked).CopyTo(data.Slice(offset, size));
             }
         }
 
@@ -306,17 +240,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         {
             if (IsContiguous(va, size))
             {
-                (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
-
-                return physicalMemory.GetWritableRegion(address, size, tracked);
+                return Physical.GetWritableRegion(Translate(va), size, tracked);
             }
             else
             {
-                Memory<byte> memory = new byte[size];
+                MemoryOwner<byte> memoryOwner = MemoryOwner<byte>.Rent(size);
 
-                GetSpan(va, size).CopyTo(memory.Span);
+                ReadImpl(va, memoryOwner.Span, tracked);
 
-                return new WritableRegion(this, va, memory, tracked);
+                return new WritableRegion(this, va, memoryOwner, tracked);
             }
         }
 
@@ -338,7 +270,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="data">The data to be written</param>
         public void Write(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
         {
-            WriteImpl(va, data, (physical, va, data) => physical.Write(va, data));
+            WriteImpl(va, data, Physical.Write);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -348,7 +280,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="data">The data to be written</param>
         public void WriteTrackedResource(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
         {
-            WriteImpl(va, data, (physical, va, data) => physical.WriteTrackedResource(va, data));
+            WriteImpl(va, data, Physical.WriteTrackedResource);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -358,10 +290,10 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="data">The data to be written</param>
         public void WriteUntracked(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
         {
-            WriteImpl(va, data, (physical, va, data) => physical.WriteUntracked(va, data));
+            WriteImpl(va, data, Physical.WriteUntracked);
         }
 
-        private delegate void WriteCallback(PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data);
+        private delegate void WriteCallback(ulong address, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// Writes data to possibly non-contiguous GPU mapped memory.
@@ -373,9 +305,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         {
             if (IsContiguous(va, data.Length))
             {
-                (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
-
-                writeCallback(physicalMemory, address, data);
+                writeCallback(Translate(va), data);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -383,67 +313,22 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
                 if ((va & PageMask) != 0)
                 {
-                    (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong pa) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
+                    ulong pa = Translate(va);
 
                     size = Math.Min(data.Length, (int)PageSize - (int)(va & PageMask));
 
-                    writeCallback(physicalMemory, pa, data[..size]);
+                    writeCallback(pa, data[..size]);
 
                     offset += size;
                 }
 
                 for (; offset < data.Length; offset += size)
                 {
-                    (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong pa) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va + (ulong)offset);
+                    ulong pa = Translate(va + (ulong)offset);
 
                     size = Math.Min(data.Length - offset, (int)PageSize);
 
-                    writeCallback(physicalMemory, pa, data.Slice(offset, size));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Writes data to GPU mapped memory, stopping at the first unmapped page at the memory region, if any.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address to write the data into</param>
-        /// <param name="data">The data to be written</param>
-        public void WriteMapped(ulong va, ReadOnlySpan<byte> data)
-        {
-            if (IsContiguous(va, data.Length))
-            {
-                (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
-
-                physicalMemory.Write(address, data);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                int offset = 0, size;
-
-                if ((va & PageMask) != 0)
-                {
-                    (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong pa) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va);
-
-                    size = Math.Min(data.Length, (int)PageSize - (int)(va & PageMask));
-
-                    if (pa != PteUnmapped && physicalMemory.IsMapped(pa))
-                    {
-                        physicalMemory.Write(pa, data[..size]);
-                    }
-
-                    offset += size;
-                }
-
-                for (; offset < data.Length; offset += size)
-                {
-                    (PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong pa) = TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(va + (ulong)offset);
-
-                    size = Math.Min(data.Length - offset, (int)PageSize);
-
-                    if (pa != PteUnmapped && physicalMemory.IsMapped(pa))
-                    {
-                        physicalMemory.Write(pa, data.Slice(offset, size));
-                    }
+                    writeCallback(pa, data.Slice(offset, size));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -475,51 +360,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the mapping</param>
         /// <param name="kind">Kind of the resource located at the mapping</param>
         public void Map(ulong pa, ulong va, ulong size, PteKind kind)
-        {
-            MapImpl(pa, va, size, kind);
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Maps a given range of pages to the specified CPU virtual address from a different process.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// All addresses and sizes must be page aligned.
-        /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="pa">CPU virtual address to map into</param>
-        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address to be mapped</param>
-        /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the mapping</param>
-        /// <param name="kind">Kind of the resource located at the mapping</param>
-        /// <param name="ownedPid">PID of the process that owns the mapping</param>
-        public void MapForeign(ulong pa, ulong va, ulong size, PteKind kind, ulong ownedPid)
-        {
-            if (_context.PhysicalMemoryRegistry.TryGetValue(ownedPid, out PhysicalMemory physicalMemory))
-            {
-                MapImpl(pa, va, size, kind, physicalMemory);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Maps a given range of pages to the specified CPU virtual address.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <remarks>
-        /// All addresses and sizes must be page aligned.
-        /// </remarks>
-        /// <param name="pa">CPU virtual address to map into</param>
-        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address to be mapped</param>
-        /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the mapping</param>
-        /// <param name="kind">Kind of the resource located at the mapping</param>
-        /// <param name="physicalMemory">Optional physical memory to import for the mapping</param>
-        private void MapImpl(ulong pa, ulong va, ulong size, PteKind kind, PhysicalMemory physicalMemory = null)
         {
             lock (_pageTable)
             {
                 UnmapEventArgs e = new(va, size);
                 MemoryUnmapped?.Invoke(this, e);
-                byte pIndex = physicalMemory != null ? GetOrAddPhysicalMemory(physicalMemory) : (byte)0;
 
                 for (ulong offset = 0; offset < size; offset += PageSize)
                 {
-                    SetPte(va + offset, PackPte(pa + offset, pIndex, kind));
+                    SetPte(va + offset, PackPte(pa + offset, kind));
                 }
 
                 RunRemapActions(e);
@@ -570,14 +419,12 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             for (int page = 0; page < pages - 1; page++)
             {
-                ulong nextPte = GetPte(va + PageSize);
-
-                if (!ValidateAddress(va + PageSize) || nextPte == PteUnmapped)
+                if (!ValidateAddress(va + PageSize) || GetPte(va + PageSize) == PteUnmapped)
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                if (GetPte(va) + PageSize != nextPte)
+                if (Translate(va) + PageSize != Translate(va + PageSize))
                 {
                     return false;
                 }
@@ -611,7 +458,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
 
             int pages = (int)((endVaRounded - va) / PageSize);
 
-            List<MemoryRange> regions = new();
+            List<MemoryRange> regions = [];
 
             for (int page = 0; page < pages - 1; page++)
             {
@@ -689,49 +536,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             return true;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the backing memory for a given GPU virtual address.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address to get the backing memory from</param>
-        /// <returns>The backing memory for the specified GPU virtual address</returns>
-        internal PhysicalMemory GetBackingMemory(ulong va)
-        {
-            ulong pte = GetPte(va);
-
-            if (pte == PteUnmapped)
-            {
-                return GetOwnPhysicalMemory();
-            }
-
-            return _physicalMemoryList[UnpackPIndexFromPte(pte)];
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the backing memory that is owned by this GPU memory manager.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <returns>The backing memory owned by this memory manager</returns>
-        private PhysicalMemory GetOwnPhysicalMemory()
-        {
-            return _physicalMemoryList[0];
-        }
-
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Gets the index for a given physical memory on the list, adding it to the list if needed.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="physicalMemory">Physical memory to get the index from</param>
-        /// <returns>The index of the physical memory on the list</returns>
-        private byte GetOrAddPhysicalMemory(PhysicalMemory physicalMemory)
-        {
-            if (!_physicalMemoryMap.TryGetValue(physicalMemory, out byte pIndex))
-            {
-                pIndex = checked((byte)_physicalMemoryList.Count);
-                _physicalMemoryList.Add(physicalMemory);
-                _physicalMemoryMap.Add(physicalMemory, pIndex);
-            }
-
-            return pIndex;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Validates a GPU virtual address.
         /// </summary>
@@ -833,28 +637,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             return Math.Min(maxSize, va - startVa);
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Translates a GPU virtual address to a CPU virtual address and the associated physical memory.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="va">GPU virtual address to be translated</param>
-        /// <returns>CPU virtual address with the physical memory, or <see cref="PteUnmapped"/> if unmapped</returns>
-        private (PhysicalMemory, ulong) TranslateWithPhysicalMemory(ulong va)
-        {
-            if (!ValidateAddress(va))
-            {
-                return (GetOwnPhysicalMemory(), PteUnmapped);
-            }
-
-            ulong pte = GetPte(va);
-
-            if (pte == PteUnmapped)
-            {
-                return (GetOwnPhysicalMemory(), PteUnmapped);
-            }
-
-            return (_physicalMemoryList[UnpackPIndexFromPte(pte)], UnpackPaFromPte(pte) + (va & PageMask));
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the kind of a given memory page.
         /// This might indicate the type of resource that can be allocated on the page, and also texture tiling.
@@ -878,18 +660,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             return UnpackKindFromPte(pte);
         }
 
-        public bool IsForeignMapping(ulong va)
-        {
-            ulong pte = GetPte(va);
-
-            if (pte == PteUnmapped)
-            {
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            return UnpackPIndexFromPte(pte) != 0;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the Page Table entry for a given GPU virtual address.
         /// </summary>
@@ -935,12 +705,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// Creates a page table entry from a physical address and kind.
         /// </summary>
         /// <param name="pa">Physical address</param>
-        /// <param name="pIndex">Index of the physical memory on the list</param>
         /// <param name="kind">Kind</param>
         /// <returns>Page table entry</returns>
-        private static ulong PackPte(ulong pa, byte pIndex, PteKind kind)
+        private static ulong PackPte(ulong pa, PteKind kind)
         {
-            return pa | ((ulong)pIndex << 48) | ((ulong)kind << 56);
+            return pa | ((ulong)kind << 56);
         }
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -953,16 +722,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
             return (PteKind)(pte >> 56);
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Unpacks the physical memory index in the list from a page table entry.
-        /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="pte">Page table entry</param>
-        /// <returns>Physical memory index</returns>
-        private static byte UnpackPIndexFromPte(ulong pte)
-        {
-            return (byte)(pte >> 48);
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Unpacks physical address from a page table entry.
         /// </summary>
@@ -970,7 +729,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
         /// <returns>Physical address</returns>
         private static ulong UnpackPaFromPte(ulong pte)
         {
-            return pte & 0xffffffffffffUL;
+            return pte & 0xffffffffffffffUL;
         }
     }
 }

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/PhysicalMemory.cs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Range;
 using Ryujinx.Memory.Tracking;
 using System;
+using System.Buffers;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/SupportBufferUpdater.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Memory/VertexBuffer.cs

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory
     /// </summary>
     struct VertexBuffer
     {
-        public BufferCache BufferCache;
         public MultiRange Range;
         public int Stride;
         public int Divisor;

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/CachedShaderBindings.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Engine;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
+using System;
 using System.Linq;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/GpuAccessor.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Image;
-using Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Shader.Translation;
 using System;
@@ -67,11 +66,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <inheritdoc/>
         public uint ConstantBuffer1Read(int offset)
         {
-            (PhysicalMemory physical, ulong baseAddress) = _compute
+            ulong baseAddress = _compute
                 ? _channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(1)
                 : _channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(_stageIndex, 1);
 
-            return physical.Read<uint>(baseAddress + (ulong)offset);
+            return _channel.MemoryManager.Physical.Read<uint>(baseAddress + (ulong)offset);
         }
 
         /// <inheritdoc/>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderCache.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Configuration;
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
@@ -733,15 +734,15 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             byte[] codeB,
             bool asCompute)
         {
-            (PhysicalMemory physical, ulong cb1DataAddress) = channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(0, 1);
-            
+            ulong cb1DataAddress = channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(0, 1);
+
             MemoryManager memoryManager = channel.MemoryManager;
 
             codeA ??= memoryManager.GetSpan(vertexA.Address, vertexA.Size).ToArray();
             codeB ??= memoryManager.GetSpan(currentStage.Address, currentStage.Size).ToArray();
-            byte[] cb1DataA = ReadArray(physical, cb1DataAddress, vertexA.Cb1DataSize);
-            byte[] cb1DataB = ReadArray(physical, cb1DataAddress, currentStage.Cb1DataSize);
-            
+            byte[] cb1DataA = ReadArray(memoryManager, cb1DataAddress, vertexA.Cb1DataSize);
+            byte[] cb1DataB = ReadArray(memoryManager, cb1DataAddress, currentStage.Cb1DataSize);
+
             ShaderDumpPaths pathsA = default;
             ShaderDumpPaths pathsB = default;
 
@@ -775,11 +776,11 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         {
             MemoryManager memoryManager = channel.MemoryManager;
 
-            (PhysicalMemory physical, ulong cb1DataAddress) = context.Stage == ShaderStage.Compute
+            ulong cb1DataAddress = context.Stage == ShaderStage.Compute
                 ? channel.BufferManager.GetComputeUniformBufferAddress(1)
                 : channel.BufferManager.GetGraphicsUniformBufferAddress(StageToStageIndex(context.Stage), 1);
 
-            byte[] cb1Data = ReadArray(physical, cb1DataAddress, context.Cb1DataSize);
+            byte[] cb1Data = ReadArray(memoryManager, cb1DataAddress, context.Cb1DataSize);
             code ??= memoryManager.GetSpan(context.Address, context.Size).ToArray();
 
             ShaderDumpPaths paths = dumper?.Dump(code, context.Stage == ShaderStage.Compute) ?? default;
@@ -793,18 +794,18 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
         /// <summary>
         /// Reads data from physical memory, returns an empty array if the memory is unmapped or size is 0.
         /// </summary>
-        /// <param name="physicalMemory">Physical memory to read the data from, might be null</param>
+        /// <param name="memoryManager">Memory manager with the physical memory to read from</param>
         /// <param name="address">Physical address of the region to read</param>
         /// <param name="size">Size in bytes of the data</param>
         /// <returns>An array with the data at the specified memory location</returns>
-        private static byte[] ReadArray(PhysicalMemory physicalMemory, ulong address, int size)
+        private static byte[] ReadArray(MemoryManager memoryManager, ulong address, int size)
         {
-            if (address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped || size == 0 || physicalMemory == null)            
+            if (address == MemoryManager.PteUnmapped || size == 0)
             {
                 return [];
             }
 
-            return physicalMemory.GetSpan(address, size).ToArray();
+            return memoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(address, size).ToArray();
         }
 
         /// <summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Shader/ShaderSpecializationState.cs

@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             {
                 ref BufferBounds bounds = ref channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(isCompute, stageIndex, textureBufferIndex);
 
-                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(bounds.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Range));
+                cachedTextureBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Range));
                 cachedTextureBufferIndex = textureBufferIndex;
 
                 if (samplerBufferIndex == textureBufferIndex)
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Shader
             {
                 ref BufferBounds bounds = ref channel.BufferManager.GetUniformBufferBounds(isCompute, stageIndex, samplerBufferIndex);
 
-                cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(bounds.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Range));
+                cachedSamplerBuffer = MemoryMarshal.Cast<byte, int>(channel.MemoryManager.Physical.GetSpan(bounds.Range));
                 cachedSamplerBufferIndex = samplerBufferIndex;
             }
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Synchronization/SynchronizationManager.cs

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Synchronization
             }
 
             using ManualResetEvent waitEvent = new(false);
-            SyncpointWaiterHandle info = _syncpoints[id].RegisterCallback(threshold, _ => waitEvent.Set());
+            SyncpointWaiterHandle info = _syncpoints[id].RegisterCallback(threshold, (x) => waitEvent.Set());
 
             if (info == null)
             {
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu.Synchronization
 
             bool signaled = waitEvent.WaitOne(timeout);
 
-            if (!signaled)
+            if (!signaled && info != null)
             {
                 Logger.Error?.Print(LogClass.Gpu, $"Wait on syncpoint {id} for threshold {threshold} took more than {timeout.TotalMilliseconds}ms, resuming execution...");
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu/Window.cs

@@ -9,18 +9,11 @@ using System.Threading;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
 {
-    using Texture = Image.Texture;
-
-    public record TextureData(int Width, int Height, byte[] Data);
-
     /// <summary>
     /// GPU image presentation window.
     /// </summary>
     public class Window
     {
-        private const int CaptureTextureWidth = 1280;
-        private const int CaptureTextureHeight = 720;
-
         private readonly GpuContext _context;
 
         /// <summary>
@@ -92,21 +85,7 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
             }
         }
 
-        private class PresentedTexture
-        {
-            public readonly Texture Texture;
-            public readonly ImageCrop Crop;
-
-            public PresentedTexture(Texture texture, ImageCrop crop)
-            {
-                Texture = texture;
-                Crop = crop;
-            }
-        }
-
         private readonly ConcurrentQueue<PresentationTexture> _frameQueue;
-        private PresentedTexture _lastPresentedTexture;
-        private ITexture _captureTexture;
 
         private int _framesAvailable;
 
@@ -209,51 +188,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
             return true;
         }
 
-        public TextureData GetLastPresentedData()
-        {
-            PresentedTexture pt = Volatile.Read(ref _lastPresentedTexture);
-
-            if (pt != null)
-            {
-                byte[] inputData = CaptureLastFrame(pt.Texture.HostTexture, pt.Crop);
-
-                int size = SizeCalculator.GetBlockLinearTextureSize(
-                    CaptureTextureWidth,
-                    CaptureTextureHeight,
-                    1,
-                    1,
-                    1,
-                    1,
-                    1,
-                    4,
-                    16,
-                    1,
-                    1).TotalSize;
-
-                byte[] data = new byte[size];
-
-                LayoutConverter.ConvertLinearToBlockLinear(data, CaptureTextureWidth, CaptureTextureHeight, CaptureTextureWidth * 4, 4, 16, inputData);
-
-                return new TextureData(CaptureTextureWidth, CaptureTextureHeight, data);
-            }
-
-            return new TextureData(0, 0, Array.Empty<byte>());
-        }
-
-        public TextureData GetLastPresentedDataLinear()
-        {
-            PresentedTexture pt = Volatile.Read(ref _lastPresentedTexture);
-
-            if (pt != null)
-            {
-                byte[] inputData = CaptureLastFrame(pt.Texture.HostTexture, new ImageCrop());
-
-                return new TextureData(pt.Texture.Info.Width, pt.Texture.Info.Height, inputData);
-            }
-
-            return new TextureData(0, 0, Array.Empty<byte>());
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Presents a texture on the queue.
         /// If the queue is empty, then no texture is presented.
@@ -271,10 +205,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
 
                 pt.Cache.Tick();
 
-                EnsureCaptureTexture();
-
-                Volatile.Write(ref _lastPresentedTexture, new PresentedTexture(texture, pt.Crop));
-
                 texture.SynchronizeMemory();
 
                 ImageCrop crop = new(
@@ -314,96 +244,6 @@ namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Gpu
             }
         }
 
-        private void EnsureCaptureTexture()
-        {
-            if (_captureTexture == null)
-            {
-                _captureTexture = _context.Renderer.CreateTexture(new TextureCreateInfo(
-                    1280,
-                    720,
-                    1,
-                    1,
-                    1,
-                    1,
-                    1,
-                    4,
-                    Format.R8G8B8A8Unorm,
-                    DepthStencilMode.Depth,
-                    Target.Texture2D,
-                    SwizzleComponent.Red,
-                    SwizzleComponent.Green,
-                    SwizzleComponent.Blue,
-                    SwizzleComponent.Alpha));
-            }
-        }
-
-        private byte[] CaptureLastFrame(ITexture lastFrame, ImageCrop crop)
-        {
-            int cropLeft, cropRight, cropTop, cropBottom;
-
-            if (crop.Left == 0 && crop.Right == 0)
-            {
-                cropLeft = 0;
-                cropRight = lastFrame.Width;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                cropLeft = crop.Left;
-                cropRight = crop.Right;
-            }
-
-            if (crop.Top == 0 && crop.Bottom == 0)
-            {
-                cropTop = 0;
-                cropBottom = lastFrame.Height;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                cropTop = crop.Top;
-                cropBottom = crop.Bottom;
-            }
-
-            int x1, y1, x2, y2;
-
-            if (crop.FlipX)
-            {
-                x1 = cropRight;
-                x2 = cropLeft;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                x1 = cropLeft;
-                x2 = cropRight;
-            }
-
-            if (crop.FlipY)
-            {
-                y1 = cropBottom;
-                y2 = cropTop;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                y1 = cropTop;
-                y2 = cropBottom;
-            }
-
-            Extents2D srcRegion = new(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-            Extents2D dstRegion = new(0, 0, CaptureTextureWidth, CaptureTextureHeight);
-
-            byte[] outputData = null;
-
-            _context.Renderer.BackgroundContextAction(() =>
-            {
-                lastFrame.CopyTo(_captureTexture, srcRegion, dstRegion, true);
-
-                using var data = _captureTexture.GetData();
-
-                outputData = data.Get().ToArray();
-            });
-
-            return outputData;
-        }
-
         /// <summary>
         /// Indicate that a frame on the queue is ready to be acquired.
         /// </summary>

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal/EnumConversion.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Logging;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using SharpMetal.Metal;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Metal

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg/Native/AVCodec.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg.Native
 {
     struct AVCodec

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg/Native/AVCodec501.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg.Native
 {
     struct AVCodec501

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg/Native/AVCodecContext.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg.Native
 {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg/Native/AVFrame.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
+using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg.Native
 {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg/Native/FFCodec.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg.Native
 {
     struct FFCodec<T> where T : struct

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg/Native/FFCodecLegacy.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+using System;
+
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg.Native
 {
     struct FFCodecLegacy<T> where T : struct

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg/Surface.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg.Native;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Video;
+using System;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.FFmpeg
 {

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.Vp9/Types/Surface.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using Ryujinx.Common.Memory;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.Video;
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.Nvdec.Vp9.Types

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Effects/AreaScalingFilter.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ using OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL;
 using Ryujinx.Common;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.GAL;
 using Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Image;
+using System;
 using static Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects.ShaderHelper;
 
 namespace Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL.Effects

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Helper/GLXHelper.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;
 

src/Ryujinx.Graphics.OpenGL/Helper/WGLHelper.cs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+using System;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Runtime.Versioning;