Use stiunitx more and fix typos
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@@ -8,60 +8,37 @@ situation. You can then apply the appropriate measures and squash each
\section{Starter}
\subsection{My starter does not double in size}
Some bakers call for the sourdough starter to
double in size before using it.
The idea is to use the sourdough starter at
peak performance to ensure a
Some bakers call for the sourdough starter to double in size before using it.
The idea is to use the sourdough starter at peak performance to ensure a
balanced fermentation in the main dough.
The doubling in size metric should be
taken with a grain of salt when judging
your starter. Depending on the flour
you use to feed the starter, different levels
of its rising can be expected.
For instance, if you use rye flour then only
very little gas from the
fermentation can be retained inside the
starter. In consequence, your
sourdough starter will not rise as much. It
could still be in healthy shape. If you use wheat flour with less gluten,
the starter will not rise as
much either. The reason is that you have a weaker
gluten network resulting in
more gas dispersing out of your dough.
The doubling in size metric should be taken with a grain of salt when judging
your starter. Depending on the flour you use to feed the starter, different
levels of its rising can be expected. For instance, if you use rye flour then
only very little gas from the fermentation can be retained inside the starter.
In consequence, your sourdough starter will not rise as much. It could still
be in healthy shape. If you use wheat flour with less gluten, the starter will
not rise as much either. The reason is that you have a weaker gluten network
resulting in more gas dispersing out of your dough.
That being said, it is recommended that you develop
your volume increase
metric. Your starter will increase in size and then
ultimately lose structure
and collapse. Observe the point before it collapses.
This is the point when
you should use your starter. This could be a
\qty{50}{\percent} volume increase, 100
percent or \qty{200}{\percent}. It is always better to use
the starter a little bit
too early rather than too late. If you use the
starter later, reduce the
quantity that you use. If the recipe calls for a 20
percent starter quantity,
use only 10
percent starter in that case. Your starter will
regrow in your main dough.
That being said, it is recommended that you develop your volume increase
metric. Your starter will increase in size and then ultimately lose structure
and collapse. Observe the point before it collapses. This is the point when
you should use your starter. This could be a \qty{50}{\percent} volume
increase, \qty{100}{\percent} or \qty{200}{\percent}. It is always better to
use the starter a little bit too early rather than too late. If you use the
starter later, reduce the quantity that you use. If the recipe calls for a
\qty{20}{\percent} starter quantity, use only \qty{10}{\percent} starter in
that case. Your starter will regrow in your main dough.
On top of relying on the size increase, start
taking note of your starter's
smell. Over time you will be able to judge its
fermentation state based on the
smell. The stronger the smell becomes, the further
your dough has fermented.
This is a sign that you should use less starter
when making the actual dough.
On top of relying on the size increase, start taking note of your starter's
smell. Over time you will be able to judge its fermentation state based on the
smell. The stronger the smell becomes, the further your dough has fermented.
This is a sign that you should use less starter when making the actual dough.
Please refer to
Section~\ref{sec:readying-starter}~``\nameref{section:readying-starter}''
for more information on the topic.
Section~\ref{sec:readying-starter}~``\nameref{sec:readying-starter}'' for more
information on the topic.
\subsection{What's the best starter feeding ratio?}
@@ -87,9 +64,9 @@ process there aren't enough microbes yet. So using a 1:1:1 ratio
can speed up the process.
\subsection{What's the benefit of using a stiff sourdough starter?}
A regular sourdough starter has equal parts of
flour and water (\qty{100}{\percent} hydration). A stiffer
sourdough starter features a hydration level of 50 to \qty{60}{\percent}.
A regular sourdough starter has equal parts of flour and water
(\qty{100}{\percent} hydration). A stiffer sourdough starter features a
hydration level of \qtyrange{50}{60}{\percent}.
The stiff sourdough starter boosts the yeast part
of your starter more. This way your gluten degrades
@@ -195,15 +172,14 @@ the top.
\label{fig:hooch}
\end{figure}
Simply stir your sourdough starter to homogenize the hooch back
into your starter. The hooch will disappear. Then use a little bit of
your sourdough starter to set up the starter for your next bread.
Once hooch appears, your starter has likely fermented for a long
period of time. It might be very sour. This state of starter
is excellent to make discard crackers or a discard bread. Don't throw
anything away. Your hooch is a sign that you have a long fermented
dough in front of you. Compare it to a 2 year ripened Parmigiano cheese.
The dough in front of you is full of delicious flavor.
Simply stir your sourdough starter to homogenize the hooch back into your
starter. The hooch will disappear. Then use a little bit of your sourdough
starter to set up the starter for your next bread. Once hooch appears, your
starter has likely fermented for a long period of time. It might be very sour.
This state of starter is excellent to make discard crackers or a discard
bread. Don't throw anything away. Your hooch is a sign that you have a long
fermented dough in front of you. Compare it to a two year ripened Parmigiano
cheese. The dough in front of you is full of delicious flavor.
\subsection{Fixing a moldy sourdough starter}
@@ -250,6 +226,7 @@ fewer and fewer. Furthermore, it seems that lactic acid bacteria produce
metabolites that inhibit mold growth~\cite{mold+lactic+acid+bacteria}.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fungi-lactic-acid-interactions}
\caption[The interaction of lactic acid bacteria and mold fungi]{The
interaction of lactic acid bacteria and mold fungi.
@@ -320,7 +297,7 @@ When tasting acetic acid, the flavor of your bread is often perceived
as quite strong.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\centering
\input{figures/fig-ethanol-oxidation.tex}
\caption[Acetic acid creation]{Oxygen is required to create acetic
acid~\cite{acetic+acid+production}.}%
@@ -399,13 +376,14 @@ bulk fermentation in Section~\ref{sec:bulk-fermentation}.
\subsection{What's a good level of water (hydration) to make a dough?}
Especially when starting to make bread, use lower amounts of water. This will
greatly simplify the whole process. I~recommend using a level of around 60
percent hydration. So for every \qty{100}{\gram} of flour use around \qty{60}{\gram} of water.
This ballpark figure will work for most flours. With this hydration, you can
make bread, buns, pizzas, and even baguettes out of the same dough.
greatly simplify the whole process. I~recommend using a level of around
\qty{60}{\percent} hydration. So for every \qty{100}{\gram} of flour use
around \qty{60}{\gram} of water. This ballpark figure will work for most
flours. With this hydration, you can make bread, buns, pizzas, and even
baguettes out of the same dough.
With the lower hydration, dough handling becomes easier and you have more yeast
fermentation, resulting in lower over-fermentation risk.
With the lower hydration, dough handling becomes easier and you have more
yeast fermentation, resulting in lower over-fermentation risk.
\subsection{My dough completely tears after a long fermentation}
@@ -421,13 +399,14 @@ the more gluten is broken down. As the gluten holds the
wheat dough together, your dough will ultimately tear.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{tearing-dough}
\caption[Dough tearing]{My dough tearing after 24~hours of no activity.}%
\label{fig:tearing-dough}
\end{figure}
In the picture~\ref{fig:tearing-dough} I~experimented with
using a starter that has not been fed for 30 days at room temperature.
using a starter that has not been fed for 30~days at room temperature.
I~tried to make a dough directly out of the unfed starter.
Typically after a long period
without feedings your microbes start to sporulate and go