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@@ -127,11 +127,12 @@ crust building. During the first stage of the bake, the dough
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increases in size. The water in your dough evaporates and pushes
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the whole dough upwards.
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\begin{figure}[!htb]
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\begin{flowchart}[!htb]
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{baking-process-steam.jpg}
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\caption[Steam building with inverted tray]{How steam builds in your oven
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using the later described inverted tray method.}
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\end{figure}
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using the later described inverted tray method.}%
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\label{flc:inverted-tray}
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\end{flowchart}
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Normally, under high heat a crust would form. Just like
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if you were to bake vegetables in your home oven, at some point
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@@ -244,13 +245,14 @@ you don't require as much energy. You don't have
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to preheat your oven twice for each loaf.
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An additional disadvantage of Dutch ovens is the
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need to move very hot and heavy cast iron. \footnote{
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need to move very hot and heavy cast iron\footnote{%
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Some of them can weigh up to 10 kg. Moving them is quite
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a tedious exercise. Especially if the cast iron is
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heated you have to be very concise with your movements.
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Despite doing my best I have a few scars on my
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hands and arms from operating the Dutch ovens.
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} You will need to be very careful and ideally use
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}.
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You will need to be very careful and ideally use
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heat-resilient gloves when touching your Dutch oven.
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Furthermore, some of the Dutch ovens come at a hefty
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@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ top of other tools can be quite a hefty investment. For
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this reason, I advocate the inverted tray method visualized
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in the next section. In case you do not own an oven consider trying
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the simple flatbread recipe which is baked in a pan. Please
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refer to section \ref{section:flat-bread-recipe} for more details.
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refer to Section~\ref{section:flat-bread-recipe} for more details.
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\section{Inverted tray method}
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@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ inoculated with some of the 150 different wild yeast strains isolated from the
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leaves. They found that when the wound was inoculated with yeast, the grape
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sustained no significant damage~\cite{yeasts+biocontrol+agent}.
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\phantomsection \label{aggressive-yeast}%
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\phantomsection~\label{aggressive-yeast}%
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Intriguingly, there was also an experiment performed that showed how brewer's
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yeast could function as an aggressive pathogen to grapevines. Initially, the
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yeast lived in symbiosis with the plants, but after the vines sustained heavy
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@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ with great taste and consistency.
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There is a fully dedicated recipe and tutorial
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for this type of bread in the~''\nameref{chapter:wheat-sourdough}''~chapter.
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j
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\section{Flatbread framework}%
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\label{section:flat-bread-framework}
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@@ -340,58 +340,59 @@ leave it longer, consider drying a little bit of your sourdough starter.}.
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\section{Simple flatbread recipe}%
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\label{section:flat-bread-recipe}
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By following the steps outlined in this section.
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By following the steps outlined in this section,
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you'll be introduced to a versatile bread that's perfect for a myriad of
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culinary applications. Whether you're scooping up a savory dip,
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wrapping a flavorful filling, or simply savoring a piece with a drizzle
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wrapping a flavorful filling, or simply enjoying a piece with a drizzle
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of olive oil, these flatbreads are sure to impress.
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\textbf{Ingredients:}
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\subsection*{Ingredients}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item 400 grams flour (wheat, rye, corn, whatever you have at hand)
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\item 320 grams water, preferably at room temperature
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\item 80 grams active sourdough starter
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\item 8 grams salt
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\end{enumerate}
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\begin{tabular}{r@{}rl@{}}
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\qty{400}{\gram} &~(\qty{100}{\percent}) & Flour (wheat, rye, corn, whatever you have at hand)\\
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\qty{320}{\gram} & (\qty{80}{\percent}) & Water, preferably at room temperature\\
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\qty{80}{\gram} & (\qty{20}{\percent}) & Active sourdough starter\\
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\qty{8}{\gram} & (\qty{2}{\percent}) & Salt\\
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\end{tabular}
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\textbf{Instructions:}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item \textbf{Prepare the Dough:} In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour and water.
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\subsection*{Instructions}
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\begin{description}
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\item[Prepare the Dough] In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour and water.
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Mix until you have a shaggy dough with no dry spots.
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\item Add the sourdough starter and salt to the mixture. Incorporate them thoroughly
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Add the sourdough starter and salt to the mixture. Incorporate them thoroughly
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until you achieve a smooth and homogenized dough.
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\item \textbf{Fermentation:} Cover the bowl with a lid or plastic wrap. Allow the dough
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to rest and ferment until it has increased by at least 50\% in size.
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Depending on the temperature and activity of your starter,
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this can take anywhere from 4 to 24 hours.
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\item[Fermentation] Cover the bowl with a lid or plastic wrap. Allow the dough
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to rest and ferment until it has increased by at least \qty{50}{\percent}
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in size. Depending on the temperature and activity of your starter, this
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can take anywhere from 4 to 24~hours.
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\item \textbf{Cooking Preparation:} Once the dough has risen, heat a pan over medium heat.
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\item[Cooking Preparation] Once the dough has risen, heat a pan over medium heat.
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Lightly oil the pan, ensuring to wipe away any excess oil with a paper towel.
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\item \textbf{Shaping and Cooking:} With a ladle or your hands, scoop out a portion of
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\item[Shaping and Cooking] With a ladle or your hands, scoop out a portion of
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the dough and place it onto the hot pan, spreading it gently like a pancake.
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\item Cover the pan with a lid. This traps the steam and ensures even cooking
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Cover the pan with a lid. This traps the steam and ensures even cooking
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from the top, allowing for easier flipping later.
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\item After about 5 minutes, or when the bottom of the flatbread has a
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After about 5~minutes, or when the bottom of the flatbread has a
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golden-brown crust, carefully flip it using a spatula.
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\item \textbf{Adjusting Cook Time:} If the flatbread appears too dark,
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\item[Adjusting Cook Time] If the flatbread appears too dark,
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remember to reduce the cooking time slightly for the next one.
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Conversely, if it's too pale, allow it to cook a bit longer before flipping.
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\item Cook the flipped side for an additional 5 minutes or until it's also golden brown.
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Cook the flipped side for an additional 5~minutes or until it's also golden
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brown.
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\item \textbf{Storing:} Once cooked, remove the flatbread from the pan and place it on a
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\item[Storing] Once cooked, remove the flatbread from the pan and place it on a
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kitchen towel. Wrapping the breads in the towel will help retain their
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softness and prevent them from becoming overly crisp.
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Repeat the cooking process for the remaining dough.
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\item \textbf{Serving Suggestion:} Enjoy your sourdough flatbreads warm,
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\item[Serving Suggestion] Enjoy your sourdough flatbreads warm,
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paired with your favorite dips, spreads, or as a side to any meal.
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\end{enumerate}
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\end{description}
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 3cm, auto]
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\node [start] (init) {Make a regular or stiff starter};
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\node [start] (init) {Take your regular or stiff starter};
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\node [block, right of=init] (feed_new_ratio) {Mix \qty{1}{\gram} existing starter, \qty{5}{\gram} flour and \qty{25}{\gram} water};
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\node [block, right of=feed_new_ratio] (next_day) {Wait\\ \qty{24}{\hour}};
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\node [block, below of=init, node distance=4cm] (feed_again) {Feed again using 1:5:25 ratio};
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 3cm, auto]
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\node [start] (init) {Make a regular or liquid starter};
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\node [start] (init) {Take your regular or liquid starter};
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\node [block, right of=init] (feed_new_ratio) {Mix \qty{10}{\gram} existing starter, \qty{50}{\gram} flour and \qty{25}{\gram} water};
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\node [decision, right of=feed_new_ratio, node distance=3.5cm] (too_dry) {Starter very dry, hard to mix?};
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\node [block, right of=too_dry, node distance=4cm] (add_water) {Add more water};
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@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ starter's flavor by changing the type to a liquid starter.
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[!htb]
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\begin{flowchart}[!htb]
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\begin{center}
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\input{figures/fig-liquid-starter-conversion.tex}
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\caption[Converting to a liquid starter]{The process to convert your regular
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@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ starter's flavor by changing the type to a liquid starter.
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select anaerobic microorganisms. This boosts bacteria that create lactic
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acid rather than acetic acid. The resulting acidity will be perceived as
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milder.}%
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\label{fig:liquid-starter-conversion}
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\label{flc:liquid-starter-conversion}
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\end{center}
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\end{figure}
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\end{flowchart}
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The liquid starter is made at a hydration of around \qty{500}{\percent}. This means
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the starter has much more water than flour. The additional layer of water on
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@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ times to make lacto-fermented hot sauces.
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\caption[Stiff starter upside-down]{A stiff sourdough starter that I~used to
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make a Stollen dough for Christmas. Note the bubbles on the edge of the
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container. The dough does not fall out of the jar.}%
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\label{fig:stiff-sourdough-starter}
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\label{flc:stiff-sourdough-starter}
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\end{figure}
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The stiff starter is the driest of all the starters. It has a hydration of
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@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ for a visual example of the starter's required hydration level.
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\label{fig:stiff-starter-dry-check}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[!htb]
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\begin{flowchart}[!htb]
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\begin{center}
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\input{figures/fig-stiff-starter-conversion.tex}
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\caption[Converting to a stiff starter]{The process to convert your regular
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@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ for a visual example of the starter's required hydration level.
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stiff consider increasing this to \qty{60}{\percent}.}%
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\label{fig:stiff-starter-conversion}
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\end{center}
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\end{figure}
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\end{flowchart}
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In the stiffer environment the yeast thrives more. This means you will have
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more \ch{CO2} production and less acid production. In my tests this is a game
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