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https://github.com/hendricius/the-sourdough-framework
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Harmonize labels names and use centering
A few reformating as well, commit mainly about consistency.
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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\section{Debugging your crumb structure}%
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\label{section:debugging-crumb-structure}
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\label{sec:debugging-crumb-structure}
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The crumb structure of your bread provides insights into how well
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your fermentation process has gone. You can also spot common flaws
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@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ arising from improper technique. This chapter will provide you with information
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that you can use to debug your baking process.
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{crumb-structures-book}
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\caption[Debugging your crumb structure]{A schematic visualization of
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different crumb structures and their respective causes. The final bread's
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@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ that you can use to debug your baking process.
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\subsection{Perfect fermentation}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{open-crumb}
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\caption[Perfectly fermented bread]{The bread has a somewhat open crumb
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with areas featuring a honeycomb structure.}%
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@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ A good rule of thumb is to not touch your dough for at least 1--2~hours before s
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to achieve as open a crumb as possible.
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{honeycomb}
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\caption[Honeycomb crumb structure]{A whole-wheat sourdough with an almost
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exclusive honeycomb crumb structure.}%
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@@ -75,8 +78,10 @@ of this bread compared to an open crumb.
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\label{subsec:overfermented-dough}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fermented-too-long}
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\caption[Overfermented sourdough bread]{A relatively flat dough that has many tiny pockets of air.}%
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\caption[Overfermented sourdough bread]{A relatively flat dough that has
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many tiny pockets of air.}%
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\label{fig:fermented-too-long}
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\end{figure}
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@@ -154,6 +159,7 @@ room temperature briefly before refrigerating can be beneficial.
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\subsection{Underfermented}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fermented-too-short-underbaked}
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\caption[Underfermented bread]{A dense dough featuring a gummy, not fully
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gelatinized area. The picture has been provided by the user
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@@ -189,11 +195,12 @@ of air in your crumb. But in reality you fermented for too short a period
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of time.
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fools-crumb}
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\caption[Fool's crumb large alveoli]{A typical example of a fool's crumb
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featuring an ear and several overly large alveoli. The picture has been
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provided by Rochelle from our community Discord server.}%
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\label{fools-crumb}
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\label{fig:fools-crumb}
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\end{figure}
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In a properly fermented dough, the alveoli help with the heat transfer throughout the dough.
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@@ -215,7 +222,7 @@ do for your main bread dough. Assuming you use \qty{20}{\percent} starter
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calculated on the flour, use a 1:5:5 ratio to feed your starter. That would be
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\qty{10}{\gram} of existing starter, \qty{50}{\gram} of flour, \qty{50}{\gram}
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of water for instance. To boost your yeast activity even more, you can
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consider making a stiff sourdough
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consider making a stiff sourdough
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starter. The bacteria produces mostly acid. The more acidity
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is piled up, the less active your yeast is. The stiff sourdough starter
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enables you to start your dough's fermentation with stronger yeast activity
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@@ -224,9 +231,10 @@ and less bacterial activity.
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\subsection{Not enough dough strength}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{flat-bread}
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\caption{A very flat bread without enough dough strength.}%
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\label{flat-bread}
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\label{fig:flat-bread}
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\end{figure}
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When a dough flattens out quite a lot during the baking process, the chances are
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@@ -249,9 +257,10 @@ The last option to fix a dough with too little dough strength is to shape your d
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\subsection{Baked too hot}
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\begin{figure}
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{baked-too-hot-v2}
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\caption{A bread with very large alveoli close to the crust.}%
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\label{baked-too-hot}
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\label{fig:baked-too-hot}
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\end{figure}
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This is a common mistake that has happened to me a lot. When you bake your dough
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@@ -280,10 +289,11 @@ turn the fan off, consider using a Dutch oven.
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\subsection{Baked with too little steam}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{no-steam}
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\caption[Bread baked with too little steam]{One of my earlier breads that
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I~baked at a friend's place where I~couldn't steam the dough properly.}%
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\label{no-steam}
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\label{fig:no-steam}
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\end{figure}
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Similar to baking too hot, when baking without enough steam, your dough's crust
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@@ -304,11 +314,12 @@ tray on top of my dough, paired with a bowl full of boiling water towards the bo
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of the oven.
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{apple-experiment-temperatures}
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\caption[Measuring ambient and surface temperature]{An apple with 2 probes
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to measure ambient and surface temperatures of several steaming
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techniques in a Dutch oven.}%
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\label{apple-experiment-temperatures}
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\label{fig:apple-experiment-temperatures}
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\end{figure}
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Now there can also be too much steam. For this I~tested using a Dutch oven paired with large ice
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@@ -325,19 +336,21 @@ the surface of the apple a lot quicker. When replicating this with a bread dough
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I~would achieve less oven spring.
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\centering
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\input{plots/fig-temperature-surface.tex}
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\caption[Surface temperature versus steaming technique]{A chart showing how
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the temperature of the apple's surface changes with different
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steaming techniques.}%
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\label{apple-experiment-surface-temperatures}
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\label{fig:apple-experiment-surface-temperatures}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[ht]
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\centering
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\input{plots/fig-temperature-ambient.tex}
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\caption[Dutch Oven temperature versus steaming technique]{This figure shows
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how the ambient temperatures inside of the Dutch oven change depending
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on the steaming technique that is used.}%
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\label{apple-experiment-ambient-temperatures}
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\label{fig:apple-experiment-ambient-temperatures}
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\end{figure}
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Generally though, achieving too much steam is relatively challenging. I~could only
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@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ This is a sign that you should use less starter
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when making the actual dough.
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Please refer to
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Section~\ref{section:readying-starter}~``\nameref{section:readying-starter}''
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Section~\ref{sec:readying-starter}~``\nameref{section:readying-starter}''
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for more information on the topic.
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@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ ferment the dough into which it is later inoculated.
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The only exception to the 1:5:5 and 1:10:10 rule is the initial
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starter set-up stage. For the first days during the starter-making
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process there aren't enough microbes yet. So using a 1:1:1 ratio
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can speed up the process.
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can speed up the process.
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\subsection{What's the benefit of using a stiff sourdough starter?}
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A regular sourdough starter has equal parts of
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@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ slower and you can ferment for a longer period. This
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is especially handy when baking with lower gluten flours.
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You can read more about the topic of stiff sourdough
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starters in Section~\ref{section:stiff-starter}.
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starters in Section~\ref{sec:stiff-starter}.
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\subsection{What's the benefit of using a liquid sourdough starter?}
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@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ fermentation in your starter. This way your starter
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tends to produce more lactic acid rather than acetic
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acid. Lactic acid is perceived as milder and more
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yogurty. Acetic acid can sometimes taste quite
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pungent. Acetic acid can be perfect when making
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pungent. Acetic acid can be perfect when making
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dark rye bread but not so much when making a fluffy
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ciabatta-style loaf.
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@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ will need to use strong high-gluten flour when using
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this type of starter.
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You can read more about the liquid starter in
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Section~\ref{section:liquid-starter}
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Section~\ref{sec:liquid-starter}
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\subsection{My new starter doesn't rise at all}
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@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ to most pathogens that you do not want in your starter.
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Another approach that can help is to convert your
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sourdough starter into a stiff starter as
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described in Section~\ref{section:stiff-starter}.
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described in Section~\ref{sec:stiff-starter}.
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\subsection{Why does my starter smell like vinegar or acetone?}
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@@ -361,9 +361,9 @@ In \qty{95}{\percent} of all cases, an autolysis
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makes no sense. Instead I~recommend
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that you conduct a fermentolysis. You
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can read more about the autolysis process in
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Section~\ref{section:autolysis} and
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Section~\ref{sec:autolysis} and
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more about the topic of fermentolysis
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in Section~\ref{section:fermentolysis}.
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in Section~\ref{sec:fermentolysis}.
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The fermentolysis combines all the benefits
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of the autolysis while eliminating disadvantages
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@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ measure your dough's size increase.
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Another option could be to use a more expensive pH meter to measure your
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dough's acidity buildup. You can read more about different ways of managing
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bulk fermentation in Section~\ref{section:bulk-fermentation}.
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bulk fermentation in Section~\ref{sec:bulk-fermentation}.
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\subsection{What's a good level of water (hydration) to make a dough?}
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@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ in a stronger gluten network toward the end
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of the fermentation~\cite{stiff+starter}. Please
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also refer to the Subsection~\ref{subsec:overfermented-dough} where
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I~explained more about overfermented doughs. You can also
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refer to Section~\ref{section:stiff-starter} with more details on
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refer to Section~\ref{sec:stiff-starter} with more details on
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making a stiff sourdough starter.
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Furthermore, a stronger flour containing more gluten
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@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ I~tested a regular starter, a liquid starter and a stiff
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starter. The stiff starter by far created the most \ch{CO2}
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compared to the other starters. As a consequence, the stiff
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starter balloon was inflated the most~\cite{stiff+starter}. You can read more
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about the topic of stiff starters in Section~\ref{section:stiff-starter}.
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about the topic of stiff starters in Section~\ref{sec:stiff-starter}.
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Another unconventional approach could be to add baking
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powder to your dough. The baking powder neutralizes the
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@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ will climb to \qty{30}{\degreeCelsius} try to start your dough
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with \qty{30}{\degreeCelsius} water. This means that you can carefully rely on
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a small fermentation sample (aliquot jar) that visualizes your fermentation
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progress. To read more about this technique refer
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to Section~\ref{section:bulk-fermentation}.
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to Section~\ref{sec:bulk-fermentation}.
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The sample only works reliably if your dough temperature
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is equal to your ambient temperature. Else the sample heats
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