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@@ -21,17 +21,6 @@ addition to our planet, so young that we made our first appearance on
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the evening of December~31. It seems that humans managed to arrive just
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in time to join the celebration at the end of the year.
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The story of sourdough bread begins in ancient oceans. These oceans were the
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birthplace of all Earth's life. To better envision the vast history of
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our planet lets create a timeline of 1~year. On this scale, January~1 signifies Earth's
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formation 4.54~billion years ago. Midnight on December~31 is our present.
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Each day represents roughly 12~million years. This technique simplifies the
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complexity of time but also renders the extraordinary expanse of our planet's
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history into a more graspable frame. We humans are in fact a recent addition
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to our planet, so young that we made appearance on the evening of December~31.
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It seems that humans managed to arrive just in time to join
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the celebration at year's end.
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On March~25, the oceans birthed the first single-celled bacteria. In these
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waters, another single-celled life form, \emph{archaea}, also thrived. These
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organisms inhabit extreme environments, from boiling vents to icy waters.
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@@ -47,7 +36,7 @@ organisms inhabit extreme environments, from boiling vents to icy waters.
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\end{center}
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\end{figure}
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Whoever comes first first, bacteria or archaea, remains debated. For three
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Whoever comes first, bacteria or archaea, remains debated. For three
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months (or approximately 1.1~billion years), these life forms dominated
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the oceans. Then, on June~25 in an highly unlikely event, an archaeon consumed a bacterium.
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Instead of digesting it, they formed a symbiotic relationship. This led to the
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@@ -101,10 +90,11 @@ Little did the people back then know that tiny microorganisms
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were the reason the bread was better. It is not clear when
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they started using a bit of the dough from the previous
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day for the next batch of dough. But by doing so, sourdough
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bread making was born: Wild yeast in the flour and in the air
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plus bacteria start to decompose the flour-water mixture, also
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known as your dough. The yeast makes the dough fluffy, and
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the bacteria primarily creates acidity. The different
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bread making---as we know it today---was born: Wild yeast
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in the flour and in the air, with bacteria
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starting to decompose the flour-water mixture.
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The yeast makes the dough fluffy,
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and the bacteria primarily creates acidity. The different
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microorganisms work in a symbiotic relationship. Humans
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appreciated the enhanced airy structure and slight acidity
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of the dough. Furthermore, the shelf life of such bread
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@@ -191,12 +191,12 @@ and I~use \qty{50}{\gram} of starter, then I~would proceed and only use \qty{550
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water.
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This type of starter is also an excellent mold combatant. As you are removing
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oxygen from the equation, aerobic mold can not properly grow. If your starter
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oxygen from the equation, aerobic mold cannot properly grow. If your starter
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has a mold problem then the liquid conversion could be the remedy. Take a
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piece of your starter where you suspect mold growth. Apply the conversion
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as mentioned before. The mold will likely sporulate as it runs out of food.
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With each new feeding you are reducing the mold spores. The spores can no
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longer reactivate as they can not do so in the anaerobic conditions.
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longer reactivate as they cannot do so in the anaerobic conditions.
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The liquid on top of your starter is an excellent resource that you could use
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to make sauces. If you feel you would like to add a little bit of acidity,
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@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
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\begin{tabular}{@{}crr@{}}
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\begin{tabular}{@{}c
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S[table-format=2.0]
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S[table-format=2.1]@{}}
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\toprule
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&\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Amount (\%) of a starter}}\\
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&\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Amount (\%) for a starter}}\\
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\cmidrule(rl){2-3}
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\thead{°C / °F} & \thead{Recently fed} & \thead{Starving}\\ \midrule
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30 / 86 & 5 & 2.5 \\
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25 / 77 & 10 & 5 \\
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20 / 68 & 15 & 10 \\ \bottomrule
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\textbf{°C / °F} & \textbf{Recently fed} & \textbf{Starving}\\ \midrule
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30 / 86 & 5 & 2.5 \\
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25 / 77 & 10 & 5 \\
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20 / 68 & 15 & 10 \\ \bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ making this type of bread requires a lot more effort, patience,
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and technique than other types of bread. You have to perfectly
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balance the fermentation process. You cannot ferment for too
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short and also not for too long. The techniques you need to
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learn to require a bit more skill. It took me several attempts
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learn also require a bit more skill. It took me several attempts
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to get this right. One of the challenges I~faced was that
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I~had the wrong flour. I~didn't properly know how to use my oven.
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When should I~stop the fermentation? There is a lot of information
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@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ recipe would look like this:
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This is the beauty of baker's math. Simply recalculate the percentages, and you
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are good to go. If you are unsure about how this works, please check out the
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full Chapter~\ref{section:bakers-math} which looks at the topic in detail.
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full Section~\ref{section:bakers-math} which looks at the topic in detail.
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\section{Hydration}
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@@ -392,8 +392,8 @@ difficulty.
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\section{How much starter?}
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Most bakers use around \qty{20}{\percent} sourdough starter based on the
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flour weight. I~recommend going much lower,
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to around 5 to \qty{10}{\percent}.
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flour weight. I~recommend going much lower, to around
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\qtyrange{5}{10}{\percent}.
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By adjusting the amount of pre-ferment you can influence the time your dough
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requires in the bulk fermentation stage. The more starter you use, the faster
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