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https://github.com/hendricius/the-sourdough-framework
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Rorder glossary
So it actually is in alphabetical order... Samnly typos here adn there.
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria during fermentation. It gives sourdough b
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its characteristic tangy flavor and helps to preserve the bread by lowering its pH.
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The flavor of acetic acid has a more vinegary profile.
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\item[All purpose flour] A general flour that’s balanced to make breads and also
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\item[All Purpose Flour] A general flour that’s balanced to make breads and also
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cakes. In Germany this is type~550.
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\item[Alpha-amylase] A type of amylase that breaks down starch molecules into
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@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ before adding other ingredients. This activates enzymes such as amylase and prot
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By doing so the bulk fermentation time is shortened and the final loaf will have
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better properties. The browning of the loaf becomes better and the crumb fluffier.
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An autolyse is recommended when using a high percentage of starter to inoculate the
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dough (> \SI{20}{\percent}). An alternative easier approach can be the fermentolyse.
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dough (>~\SI{20}{\percent}). An alternative easier approach can be the fermentolyse.
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\item[Bacteria] Unicellular microorganisms that exist in diverse forms and
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habitats. They play crucial roles in various natural processes, especially in food
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@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ are pivotal in the sourdough process, contributing to its distinct taste and tex
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Some bacteria are beneficial, aiding in digestion or producing vitamins, while others
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can be harmful and cause diseases.
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\item[Baker’s math] Baker’s math is a ratio based system of sharing recipes,
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\item[Baker’s Math] Baker’s math is a ratio based system of sharing recipes,
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making them easily scalable. It’s based on the total weight of the flour in a formula,
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where each ingredients weight is divided by the flours weight to give a percentage.
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For \SI{500}{\gram} of flour you could be using \SI{60}{\percent} of water (\SI{300}{\gram}),
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@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ proof. The bannetons are typically made out of rattan or wood pulp. An alternati
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DIY solution is to use a bowl with a kitchen towel inside. While resting inside of
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the banneton the dough’s surface dries out and becomes easier to score before baking.
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\item[Bench rest] A short resting period given to the dough after preshaping
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\item[Bench Rest] A short resting period given to the dough after preshaping
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allowing the gluten to relax a little bit and making shaping easier. Most people
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bench rest for 10 minutes up to an hour. The bench rest becomes especially important
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when making pizza doughs. Without an extended bench rest the dough is too elastic and
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@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ can not be shaped.
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\item[Beta-amylase] An enzyme that further breaks down the starch fragments
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produced by alpha-amylase into maltose.
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\item[Bread flour] A flour that is perfect for sourdough bread making. It features
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\item[Bread Flour] A flour that is perfect for sourdough bread making. It features
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a higher amount of gluten and can thus ferment for a longer period of time.
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\item[Brühstück] A German baking technique similar to a scald. It translates as
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@@ -130,19 +130,10 @@ flour’s sweet spot. This is highly dependant from flour to flour. When using l
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flour like rye you need to be careful as the longer fermentation can create a too
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sticky dough which collapses and does not hold its shape anymore.
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\item[Cake flour] Cake flour is a light, finely milled flour with a lower protein
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\item[Cake Flour] Cake flour is a light, finely milled flour with a lower protein
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content than all-purpose flour. It's ideal for tender baked goods like cakes, cookies,
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and pastries.
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\item[Scald] A method where boiling water is poured over flour, grains, or other
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ingredients and then allowed to cool. In baking, this process can gelatinize the
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starches in the flour or grains, resulting in a dough that retains moisture better,
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provides a softer crumb, and potentially extends the bread's shelf life. Additionally,
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scalding can help inactivate certain enzymes which can be detrimental to the dough's
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quality. The scalding technique can also enhance the overall flavor and aroma of
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the bread, bringing out more pronounced grainy notes and reducing bitterness
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sometimes found in certain whole grains.
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\item[Coil fold] A special stretch and folding technique. The coil fold is
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very gentle on the dough and is thus excellent throughout the bulk fermentation.
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By applying the coil fold the dough strength is improved by minimising damage
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@@ -153,7 +144,7 @@ shape, and distribution of the holes (or \emph{alveoli}). It's what's inside onc
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a loaf of bread open. A \emph{tight crumb} refers to bread with small, evenly distributed
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holes, while an \emph{open crumb} has larger, more irregular holes.
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\item[Diastatic malt] Malted grain that has been dried and then ground into a powder.
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\item[Diastatic Malt] Malted grain that has been dried and then ground into a powder.
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This malt contains enzymes that can break down starches into sugars, which can be
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beneficial in the fermentation process for bread. When added to dough, it can improve
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the bread's flavor, color, and shelf life.
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@@ -176,10 +167,18 @@ A strong dough can be stretched without tearing and holds its shape well. This i
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largely influenced by the flour's protein content and the development of the gluten
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network.
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\item[Dutch oven] A heavy-duty pot with a tight-fitting lid, often made of cast
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\item[Dutch Oven] A heavy-duty pot with a tight-fitting lid, often made of cast
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iron. It's used in baking to trap steam during the initial phase of baking, helping
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to create a crusty exterior on bread.
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\item[Elasticity] A property of dough that describes its ability to return to
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its original shape after being stretched or deformed. It's influenced by the flour's
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protein content and the development of the gluten network.
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\item[Extensibility] Refers to the dough’s ability to be stretched or extended
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without tearing. It's the opposite of elasticity and is desirable in certain types
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of breads, like ciabatta, that have a more open crumb structure.
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\item[Feed] The act of adding fresh flour and water to maintain a sourdough
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starter. Regular feeding keeps the starter active and healthy.
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@@ -198,23 +197,15 @@ large pockets or holes, rather than an even distribution of smaller holes. This
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isn't necessarily a desired feature, as it can indicate uneven fermentation or
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improper shaping techniques.
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\item[Elasticity] A property of dough that describes its ability to return to
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its original shape after being stretched or deformed. It's influenced by the flour's
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protein content and the development of the gluten network.
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\item[Extensibility] Refers to the dough’s ability to be stretched or extended
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without tearing. It's the opposite of elasticity and is desirable in certain types
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of breads, like ciabatta, that have a more open crumb structure.
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\item[Homogenizing] The act of creating a consistent and uniform mixture. For
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flours like einkorn and rye, where gluten alignment isn't the main goal, kneading
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ensures that the dough achieves this homogeneous consistency.
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\item[Gluten] A protein complex formed from gliadin and glutenin, found in wheat
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and some other grains. It provides elasticity and strength to the dough when
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properly aligned and developed. During the course of the bulk fermentation much of
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the gluten is degraded by the protease enzyme and lactic acid bacteria.
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\item[Homogenizing] The act of creating a consistent and uniform mixture. For
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flours like einkorn and rye, where gluten alignment isn't the main goal, kneading
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ensures that the dough achieves this homogeneous consistency.
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\item[Hooch] A liquid layer that sometimes forms on top of a sourdough starter.
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It's an indication that the starter is hungry and needs feeding. It acts as a
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barrier shield and prevents the starter from catching mold. It can be mixed right
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@@ -243,11 +234,14 @@ although it favours alkaline conditions.
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\item[Maltose] A sugar produced from the enzymatic breakdown of starch by amylases.
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It's a primary food source for yeast during fermentation.
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\item[Non-diastatic malt] Malted grain that has been dried at higher temperatures,
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\item[Non-diastatic Malt] Malted grain that has been dried at higher temperatures,
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deactivating its enzymes. It's used primarily for flavor and color in bread making.
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Amylase and protease become degraded at temperatures higher than 50°C.
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\item[Over fermenting] A common problem when making wheat or spelt doughs. When the
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\item[Oven Spring] The rapid rise of the dough in the oven during the early stages
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of baking due to the expansion of trapped gases and water.
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\item[Over Fermenting] A common problem when making wheat or spelt doughs. When the
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dough is fermented for too long most of the gluten in the dough is broken down. The
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resulting dough is very sticky. The final bread will be very flat and lose some of its
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typical texture. The crumb structure features many tiny pockets of air. A lot of the
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@@ -255,10 +249,7 @@ trapped gasses can diffuse out of the dough during baking. If you notice this du
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bulk fermentation it is advised to place the loaf inside of a loaf pan and then bake
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it after a 30 to 60 minute rest.
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\item[Oven Spring] The rapid rise of the dough in the oven during the early stages
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of baking due to the expansion of trapped gases and water.
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\item[Over proofing] The same as over fermenting, however happening during the
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\item[Over Proofing] The same as over fermenting, however happening during the
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proofing stage.
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\item[pH] A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. The pH scale
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@@ -329,13 +320,14 @@ made solely from rye flour tend to be dense. However, rye has a unique flavor an
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many health benefits, so it's often combined with wheat flour in baking. Pure rye
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breads are typically made with a sourdough process to help the dough rise.
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\item[Straight Dough] A bread-making method where all ingredients are mixed
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together at once, without the use of a preferment.
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\item[Stretch and Fold] S\&F is a technique used during the bulk fermentation phase
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to strengthen the dough and help align the gluten structure. Instead of traditional
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kneading, the dough is gently stretched and then folded over itself. This process is
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typically repeated multiple times throughout bulk fermentation.
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\item[Scald] A method where boiling water is poured over flour, grains, or other
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ingredients and then allowed to cool. In baking, this process can gelatinize the
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starches in the flour or grains, resulting in a dough that retains moisture better,
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provides a softer crumb, and potentially extends the bread's shelf life. Additionally,
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scalding can help inactivate certain enzymes which can be detrimental to the dough's
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quality. The scalding technique can also enhance the overall flavor and aroma of
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the bread, bringing out more pronounced grainy notes and reducing bitterness
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sometimes found in certain whole grains.
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\item[Scalding] A method where boiling water is poured over flour and then cooled
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down to room temperature. This process gelatinizes the starches in the flour,
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@@ -361,6 +353,14 @@ the final dough.
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microorganisms including wild yeast and lactic acid bacteria. It's used to leaven
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bread.
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\item[Straight Dough] A bread-making method where all ingredients are mixed
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together at once, without the use of a preferment.
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\item[Stretch and Fold] S\&F is a technique used during the bulk fermentation phase
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to strengthen the dough and help align the gluten structure. Instead of traditional
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kneading, the dough is gently stretched and then folded over itself. This process is
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typically repeated multiple times throughout bulk fermentation.
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\item[Tangzhong] A Chinese technique for bread-making, similar to the
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Japanese yudane method. It involves cooking a small portion of the flour
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with water (or milk) to create a slurry or roux. This process, which can be seen as a
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