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Fix capitalization issues
Fixes bug 444 https://github.com/hendricius/the-sourdough-framework/issues/444 Reformat paragraphs to 80 colmuns while at it.
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@@ -225,9 +225,10 @@ mixing the starter there should be no chunks of flour left. Test placing
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the starter on your kitchen counter. When lifting it should slightly stick
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to your counter's surface. This test indicates that you hydrated the flour sufficiently.
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When the mixture is too dry, the fermentation speed is greatly reduced and
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the starter will seem inactive. The starter should be much drier
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than a regular starter, but also not too dry. Refer to figure~\ref{fig:stiff-starter-dry-check}
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for a visual example of the starter's required hydration level.
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the starter will seem inactive. The starter should be much drier than a
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regular starter, but also not too dry. Refer to
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Figure~\ref{fig:stiff-starter-dry-check} for a visual example of the starter's
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required hydration level.
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\begin{figure}[!htb]
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{stiff-starter-dry-check.jpg}
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@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ by adding water and kneading again. This is a great trick to make
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a more extensible dough with lower-gluten flour~\cite{bassinage+technique}.
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When machine kneading a dough, opt for the same technique shown in
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flowchart~\ref{fig:wheat-sourdough-kneading-process}. Initially opt for a low
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Flowchart~\ref{fig:wheat-sourdough-kneading-process}. Initially opt for a low
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speed. This helps the homogenization process.
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After waiting to allow the flour to soak up the water, proceed on a higher speed
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setting. A good sign of a well-developed gluten network is
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@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ affecting the quality of the bread~\cite{oxidization+dough}.
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The last step before beginning bulk fermentation is to
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create a smooth dough ball. By making sure your dough's surface is
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smooth, you will have fewer touch points when touching the dough.
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See figure~\ref{fig:dough-touch-points} for a schematic visualization
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See Figure~\ref{fig:dough-touch-points} for a schematic visualization
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of how your hand touches a rugged and smooth dough.
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With the smooth surface, your dough is going to stick less on your hands. Applying
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later stretches and folds will be a lot easier. Without a smooth
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@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ you can't stretch the gluten. Always imagine you are touching something utterly
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By doing so you will automatically try to touch the dough as little
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as possible. Keep repeating the process until you see that the dough
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has a nice smooth surface. The final dough should look like the dough
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shown in~\ref{fig:dough-ball-steps}.
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shown in Figure~\ref{fig:dough-ball-steps}.
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If your outer gluten layer tears, you have overstretched your dough. In
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that case, take a 10-minute break, leaving your dough on the kitchen countertop.
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@@ -766,9 +766,9 @@ turning it into a gigantic sticky fermented pancake. This
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is one of the reasons why the current baking industry prefers
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to make solely yeast-based doughs. By removing the bacteria
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from the fermentation, the whole process becomes a lot more
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predictable. The room for error (as shown in figure~\ref{fig:wheat-yeast-sourdough-degradation})
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is much larger. The doughs are perfect to be made in a
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machine.
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predictable. The room for error (as shown in
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Figure~\ref{fig:wheat-yeast-sourdough-degradation}) is much larger. The doughs
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are perfect to be made in a machine.
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\begin{flowchart}[!htb]
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\centering
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@@ -1006,16 +1006,16 @@ fermentation stage. The process involves stretching the dough and then
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folding the dough onto itself. Some recipes call for a single stretch
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and fold, others for multiple.
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The primary goal of this technique is to provide
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additional dough strength to your dough. As shown in figure~\ref{fig:dough-strength-sourdough}
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there are multiple ways to create dough strength\footnote{In fact I~have seen many no-knead
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recipes calling for no initial kneading, but then applying stretch and folds
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during the bulk fermentation. The time required to do all the folds probably
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matches the initial kneading time required.}. If you do not knead as much at
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the start, you can reach the same level of dough strength by applying stretch
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and folds later. The more stretch and folds you do, the more dough strength
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you add to your dough. The result will be a more aesthetic loaf that has
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increased vertical oven spring.
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The primary goal of this technique is to provide additional dough strength to
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your dough. As shown in Figure~\ref{fig:dough-strength-sourdough} there are
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multiple ways to create dough strength\footnote{In fact I~have seen many
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no-knead recipes calling for no initial kneading, but then applying
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stretch and folds during the bulk fermentation. The time required to do
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all the folds probably matches the initial kneading time required.}.
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If you do not knead as much at the start, you can reach the same level of
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dough strength by applying stretch and folds later. The more stretch and folds
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you do, the more dough strength you add to your dough. The result will be a
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more aesthetic loaf that has increased vertical oven spring.
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Sometimes, if the dough is very extensible
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and features very high hydration, stretching and folding is essential.
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@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ will tear. In that case, you just have to wait for at least 5--10~minutes until
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the gluten bonds heal and you can try again. When the gluten does not heal
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anymore, chances are you have pushed the fermentation for too long. Likely
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most of the gluten has broken down and you are already
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in the decay stage shown in figure~\ref{fig:dough-strength-sourdough}.
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in the decay stage shown in Figure~\ref{fig:dough-strength-sourdough}.
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\begin{figure}[!htb]
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{dough-requiring-stretch-and-fold}
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@@ -1164,12 +1164,13 @@ Pre-shaping is done for several reasons:
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If you are making a single loaf from one dough batch the step is not required.
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In that case, you can directly proceed with shaping, skipping this step.
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The pre-shaping technique is the same as the process figure~\ref{fig:dough-ball-steps}.
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Whereas earlier you could tear the dough's surface this could now result in a catastrophe.
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For this reason, I~recommend practicing this step for as long as you need after kneading.
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The gluten network might be so extensible and degraded at this point that there
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is hardly any room for error. The dough wouldn't come together again. The only
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way to save such dough is to use a loaf pan.
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The pre-shaping technique is the same as the process
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Figure~\ref{fig:dough-ball-steps}. Whereas earlier you could tear the dough's
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surface this could now result in a catastrophe. For this reason, I~recommend
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practicing this step for as long as you need after kneading. The gluten
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network might be so extensible and degraded at this point that there is hardly
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any room for error. The dough wouldn't come together again. The only way to
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save such dough is to use a loaf pan.
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\begin{figure}[!htb]
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\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{preshape-direction}
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@@ -1179,14 +1180,14 @@ way to save such dough is to use a loaf pan.
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\label{fig:preshape-direction}
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\end{figure}
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Pre-shape the dough as much as is needed to round up the top
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surface area. Try to touch the dough as little as possible
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to reduce its ability to stick to your hands. Drag the dough
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in the direction where you see a rough surface area. In
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case you have too little space to drag the dough because it might
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fall from the edge of your counter, simply lift it with a swift movement and place
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it in a better position for pre-shaping. Please refer to figure~\ref{fig:preshape-direction}
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for a visualization showing the pre-shaping direction.
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Pre-shape the dough as much as is needed to round up the top surface area. Try
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to touch the dough as little as possible to reduce its ability to stick to
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your hands. Drag the dough in the direction where you see a rough surface
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area. In case you have too little space to drag the dough because it might
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fall from the edge of your counter, simply lift it with a swift movement and
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place it in a better position for pre-shaping. Please refer to
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Figure~\ref{fig:preshape-direction} for a visualization showing the
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pre-shaping direction.
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Try to set yourself a limit of movements to finish pre-shaping
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a dough. Then you will be more conscious about each movement
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@@ -1279,7 +1280,7 @@ with step 3.
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If you divided and pre-shaped, apply flour generously to the dough's
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top layer as well. With gentle hands spread the flour evenly across
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the dough's surface. See figure~\ref{fig:shaping-flour-surface} for a
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the dough's surface. See Figure~\ref{fig:shaping-flour-surface} for a
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visual representation of how your dough should look after coating
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the surface.
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@@ -1322,7 +1323,7 @@ it has a more rectangular shape. While stretching, make sure to touch
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the sticky side as little as possible. Place your hands on the bottom
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floured side and the edge of the sticky side. With gentle hands,
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stretch the dough until the shape in front of you looks rectangular.
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Refer to figure~\ref{fig:shaping-rectangular-dough} and compare
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Refer to Figure~\ref{fig:shaping-rectangular-dough} and compare
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your dough with the shown dough.
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\subsection[Folding]{Fold the dough together}
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@@ -1361,7 +1362,7 @@ now faces you.
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Start to roll the dough inwards beginning at the top of the dough.
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Keep rolling the dough inwards until you have created a dough roll.
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Refer to figure~\ref{fig:shaping-folding} for a full visual
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Refer to Figure~\ref{fig:shaping-folding} for a full visual
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representation of the process.
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If your dough does not hold its shape, chances are you have pushed
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@@ -1418,16 +1419,16 @@ applies when making other doughs such as baguette doughs. The floured
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surface will always be downwards facing. The dough is then flipped over
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once for baking.}.
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Proceed and lift the dough with 2 hands from the counter.
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Gently rotate it once and then place the dough in your
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banneton for proofing\footnote{The seam side should now be facing you.
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Some bakers like to seal the seam a little more. I~did
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not notice that this improves the dough's strength. As far as I~can
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tell, this only improves the visual appearance of the bottom side
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of the final loaf.}. If you did everything right, then your
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dough should look somewhat similar to the dough shown in figure~\ref{fig:shaping-prepare-proofing}.
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As the last step of shaping, place a kitchen towel over your banneton
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or bowl and begin proofing.
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Proceed and lift the dough with 2 hands from the counter. Gently rotate it
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once and then place the dough in your banneton for proofing\footnote{The seam
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side should now be facing you. Some bakers like to seal the seam a little
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more. I~did not notice that this improves the dough's strength. As far as
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I~can tell, this only improves the visual appearance of the bottom side of
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the final loaf.}.
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If you did everything right, then your dough should look somewhat similar to
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the dough shown in Figure~\ref{fig:shaping-prepare-proofing}. As the last
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step of shaping, place a kitchen towel over your banneton or bowl and begin
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proofing.
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\section{Proofing}
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