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A few reformating as well, commit mainly about consistency.
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Cedric
2025-02-18 12:13:32 +00:00
parent 4c01b54039
commit 1b5dc52393
10 changed files with 107 additions and 66 deletions

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@@ -9,10 +9,11 @@ learn more about the yeast and bacterial microorganisms involved.
\end{quoting}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{infographic-enzymes}
\caption[Interaction of amylases and flour]{How amylases and proteases
interact with flour.}%
\label{infographic-enzymes}
\label{fig:infographic-enzymes}
\end{figure}
\section{Enzymatic reactions}
@@ -191,17 +192,19 @@ only after penetrating this barrier would the water slowly find its way to the
center of the grain. The seed needs to sprout first to outcompete other nearby
seeds, requiring water to enter quickly. Yet the seed must also defend itself
against animals and potentially hazardous bacteria and fungi, requiring some
barrier to protect the embryo inside. A way for the plant to achieve both goals
would be for most of the enzymes to exist in the outer parts of the hull. As a
result, they are activated first~\cite{enzymatic+activity+whole+wheat}. Therefore, by just adding a
barrier to protect the embryo inside. A way for the plant to achieve both
goals would be for most of the enzymes to exist in the outer parts of the
hull. As a result, they are activated
first~\cite{enzymatic+activity+whole+wheat}. Therefore, by just adding a
little bit of whole flour to your dough, you should be able to significantly
improve the enzymatic activity of your dough. That's why, for plain white flour
doughs, I~usually add 10\textendash20\% whole-wheat flour.
improve the enzymatic activity of your dough. That's why, for plain white
flour doughs, I~usually add \qtyrange{10}{20}{\percent} whole-wheat flour.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{whole-wheat-crumb}
\caption{A whole-wheat sourdough bread.}%
\label{whole-wheat-crumb}
\label{fig:whole-wheat-crumb}
\end{figure}
By understanding the two key enzymes \emph{amylase} and \emph{protease}, you
@@ -220,14 +223,14 @@ variety of species---so far, about \num{1500} have been identified. Unlike
other members of the fungi kingdom such as mold, yeasts do not ordinarily
create a mycelium network~\cite{molecular+mechanisms+yeast}.\footnote{For one
interesting exception, skip ahead to the end of this section on
page~\pageref{aggressive-yeast}.}
page~\pageref{sec:aggressive-yeast}.}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{saccharomyces-cerevisiae-microscope}
\caption[Brewer's yeast]{Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Brewer's yeast under the
microscope.}%
\label{saccharomyces-cerevisiae-microscope}
\label{fig:saccharomyces-cerevisiae-microscope}
\end{figure}
Yeasts are saprotrophic fungi. This means that they do not produce their own
@@ -322,7 +325,7 @@ inoculated with some of the 150 different wild yeast strains isolated from the
leaves. They found that when the wound was inoculated with yeast, the grape
sustained no significant damage~\cite{yeasts+biocontrol+agent}.
\phantomsection~\label{aggressive-yeast}%
\phantomsection~\label{sec:aggressive-yeast}%
Intriguingly, there was also an experiment performed that showed how brewer's
yeast could function as an aggressive pathogen to grapevines. Initially, the
yeast lived in symbiosis with the plants, but after the vines sustained heavy
@@ -341,10 +344,11 @@ can significantly increase the shelf life of sourdough
breads~\cite{shelflife+acidity}.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{bacteria-microscope}
\caption[Bacteria under the microscope]{Fructilactobacillus
sanfranciscensis under the microscope.}%
\label{lactobacillus-franciscensis-microscope}
\label{fig:lactobacillus-franciscensis-microscope}
\end{figure}
There are two predominant types of acid produced in sourdough bread: lactic and

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@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ Table~\ref{tab:flat-bread-ingredients}
\input{tables/table-flat-bread-pancake-recipe.tex}
\caption[Flatbread recipe]{Flatbread or pancake recipe for 1 person.
Multiply the ingredients to increase portion size. Refer to the
Section~\ref{section:bakers-math}
``\nameref{section:bakers-math}'' to learn how to understand and
Section~\ref{sec:bakers-math}
``\nameref{sec:bakers-math}'' to learn how to understand and
use the percentages properly.}%
\label{tab:flat-bread-ingredients}
\end{table}

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@@ -81,10 +81,11 @@ bread are, however, unknown. One of the most ancient preserved
sourdough breads has been excavated in Switzerland~\cite{switzerland+bread}.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{einkorn-crumb}
\caption[Ancient Einkorn flatbread]{An ancient Einkorn flatbread. Note the
dense crumb structure.}%
\label{einkorn-crumb}
\label{fig:einkorn-crumb}
\end{figure}
Another popular story is that a lady in Egypt was making
@@ -193,9 +194,10 @@ mill marked a significant advancement in industrial technology for bread
making~\cite{evans+mill}.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sourdough-stove}
\caption{A bread made over the stove without an oven.}%
\label{sourdough-stove}
\label{fig:sourdough-stove}
\end{figure}
The biggest advancement of industrial breadmaking happened in \num{1857}.

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@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ affecting taste and texture.
\item Cereal milk (the leftover milk from eating cereals)
\item Coffee
\item Eggs
\item Fruit/vegetable juices (also see Section~\ref{section:colors})
\item Fruit/vegetable juices (also see Section~\ref{sec:colors})
\item Milk (for sweet, soft breads)
\item Milk alternatives such as: Almond, oat, soy\dots{}
\item Mashed potatoes
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ affecting taste and texture.
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Colors}%
\label{section:colors}
\label{sec:colors}
Some mix-ins will change the color and flavor of your bread. Common colorings
include:

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@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ a vinegary (acetic) or mix of both flavor profiles. You can adjust your
starter's flavor by changing the type to a liquid starter.
\section{Liquid starter}%
\label{section:liquid-starter}
\label{sec:liquid-starter}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ drain the liquid part on your starter and use it. I~have used it numerous
times to make lacto-fermented hot sauces.
\section{Stiff starter}%
\label{section:stiff-starter}
\label{sec:stiff-starter}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sourdough-starter-stiff.jpg}

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@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ how to prepare your starter for long-term storage.
\end{quoting}
\section{Baker's math}%
\label{section:bakers-math}
\label{sec:bakers-math}
In a large bakery, a determining factor is how
much flour you have at hand. Based on the amount

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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
\section{Debugging your crumb structure}%
\label{section:debugging-crumb-structure}
\label{sec:debugging-crumb-structure}
The crumb structure of your bread provides insights into how well
your fermentation process has gone. You can also spot common flaws
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ arising from improper technique. This chapter will provide you with information
that you can use to debug your baking process.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{crumb-structures-book}
\caption[Debugging your crumb structure]{A schematic visualization of
different crumb structures and their respective causes. The final bread's
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ that you can use to debug your baking process.
\subsection{Perfect fermentation}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{open-crumb}
\caption[Perfectly fermented bread]{The bread has a somewhat open crumb
with areas featuring a honeycomb structure.}%
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@ A good rule of thumb is to not touch your dough for at least 1--2~hours before s
to achieve as open a crumb as possible.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{honeycomb}
\caption[Honeycomb crumb structure]{A whole-wheat sourdough with an almost
exclusive honeycomb crumb structure.}%
@@ -75,8 +78,10 @@ of this bread compared to an open crumb.
\label{subsec:overfermented-dough}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fermented-too-long}
\caption[Overfermented sourdough bread]{A relatively flat dough that has many tiny pockets of air.}%
\caption[Overfermented sourdough bread]{A relatively flat dough that has
many tiny pockets of air.}%
\label{fig:fermented-too-long}
\end{figure}
@@ -154,6 +159,7 @@ room temperature briefly before refrigerating can be beneficial.
\subsection{Underfermented}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fermented-too-short-underbaked}
\caption[Underfermented bread]{A dense dough featuring a gummy, not fully
gelatinized area. The picture has been provided by the user
@@ -189,11 +195,12 @@ of air in your crumb. But in reality you fermented for too short a period
of time.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{fools-crumb}
\caption[Fool's crumb large alveoli]{A typical example of a fool's crumb
featuring an ear and several overly large alveoli. The picture has been
provided by Rochelle from our community Discord server.}%
\label{fools-crumb}
\label{fig:fools-crumb}
\end{figure}
In a properly fermented dough, the alveoli help with the heat transfer throughout the dough.
@@ -224,9 +231,10 @@ and less bacterial activity.
\subsection{Not enough dough strength}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{flat-bread}
\caption{A very flat bread without enough dough strength.}%
\label{flat-bread}
\label{fig:flat-bread}
\end{figure}
When a dough flattens out quite a lot during the baking process, the chances are
@@ -249,9 +257,10 @@ The last option to fix a dough with too little dough strength is to shape your d
\subsection{Baked too hot}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{baked-too-hot-v2}
\caption{A bread with very large alveoli close to the crust.}%
\label{baked-too-hot}
\label{fig:baked-too-hot}
\end{figure}
This is a common mistake that has happened to me a lot. When you bake your dough
@@ -280,10 +289,11 @@ turn the fan off, consider using a Dutch oven.
\subsection{Baked with too little steam}
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{no-steam}
\caption[Bread baked with too little steam]{One of my earlier breads that
I~baked at a friend's place where I~couldn't steam the dough properly.}%
\label{no-steam}
\label{fig:no-steam}
\end{figure}
Similar to baking too hot, when baking without enough steam, your dough's crust
@@ -304,11 +314,12 @@ tray on top of my dough, paired with a bowl full of boiling water towards the bo
of the oven.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{apple-experiment-temperatures}
\caption[Measuring ambient and surface temperature]{An apple with 2 probes
to measure ambient and surface temperatures of several steaming
techniques in a Dutch oven.}%
\label{apple-experiment-temperatures}
\label{fig:apple-experiment-temperatures}
\end{figure}
Now there can also be too much steam. For this I~tested using a Dutch oven paired with large ice
@@ -325,19 +336,21 @@ the surface of the apple a lot quicker. When replicating this with a bread dough
I~would achieve less oven spring.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\input{plots/fig-temperature-surface.tex}
\caption[Surface temperature versus steaming technique]{A chart showing how
the temperature of the apple's surface changes with different
steaming techniques.}%
\label{apple-experiment-surface-temperatures}
\label{fig:apple-experiment-surface-temperatures}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\input{plots/fig-temperature-ambient.tex}
\caption[Dutch Oven temperature versus steaming technique]{This figure shows
how the ambient temperatures inside of the Dutch oven change depending
on the steaming technique that is used.}%
\label{apple-experiment-ambient-temperatures}
\label{fig:apple-experiment-ambient-temperatures}
\end{figure}
Generally though, achieving too much steam is relatively challenging. I~could only

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@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ This is a sign that you should use less starter
when making the actual dough.
Please refer to
Section~\ref{section:readying-starter}~``\nameref{section:readying-starter}''
Section~\ref{sec:readying-starter}~``\nameref{section:readying-starter}''
for more information on the topic.
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ slower and you can ferment for a longer period. This
is especially handy when baking with lower gluten flours.
You can read more about the topic of stiff sourdough
starters in Section~\ref{section:stiff-starter}.
starters in Section~\ref{sec:stiff-starter}.
\subsection{What's the benefit of using a liquid sourdough starter?}
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ will need to use strong high-gluten flour when using
this type of starter.
You can read more about the liquid starter in
Section~\ref{section:liquid-starter}
Section~\ref{sec:liquid-starter}
\subsection{My new starter doesn't rise at all}
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ to most pathogens that you do not want in your starter.
Another approach that can help is to convert your
sourdough starter into a stiff starter as
described in Section~\ref{section:stiff-starter}.
described in Section~\ref{sec:stiff-starter}.
\subsection{Why does my starter smell like vinegar or acetone?}
@@ -361,9 +361,9 @@ In \qty{95}{\percent} of all cases, an autolysis
makes no sense. Instead I~recommend
that you conduct a fermentolysis. You
can read more about the autolysis process in
Section~\ref{section:autolysis} and
Section~\ref{sec:autolysis} and
more about the topic of fermentolysis
in Section~\ref{section:fermentolysis}.
in Section~\ref{sec:fermentolysis}.
The fermentolysis combines all the benefits
of the autolysis while eliminating disadvantages
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ measure your dough's size increase.
Another option could be to use a more expensive pH meter to measure your
dough's acidity buildup. You can read more about different ways of managing
bulk fermentation in Section~\ref{section:bulk-fermentation}.
bulk fermentation in Section~\ref{sec:bulk-fermentation}.
\subsection{What's a good level of water (hydration) to make a dough?}
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ in a stronger gluten network toward the end
of the fermentation~\cite{stiff+starter}. Please
also refer to the Subsection~\ref{subsec:overfermented-dough} where
I~explained more about overfermented doughs. You can also
refer to Section~\ref{section:stiff-starter} with more details on
refer to Section~\ref{sec:stiff-starter} with more details on
making a stiff sourdough starter.
Furthermore, a stronger flour containing more gluten
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ I~tested a regular starter, a liquid starter and a stiff
starter. The stiff starter by far created the most \ch{CO2}
compared to the other starters. As a consequence, the stiff
starter balloon was inflated the most~\cite{stiff+starter}. You can read more
about the topic of stiff starters in Section~\ref{section:stiff-starter}.
about the topic of stiff starters in Section~\ref{sec:stiff-starter}.
Another unconventional approach could be to add baking
powder to your dough. The baking powder neutralizes the
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ will climb to \qty{30}{\degreeCelsius} try to start your dough
with \qty{30}{\degreeCelsius} water. This means that you can carefully rely on
a small fermentation sample (aliquot jar) that visualizes your fermentation
progress. To read more about this technique refer
to Section~\ref{section:bulk-fermentation}.
to Section~\ref{sec:bulk-fermentation}.
The sample only works reliably if your dough temperature
is equal to your ambient temperature. Else the sample heats

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@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ freestanding wheat sourdough bread.
\end{quoting}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{loaf-pan-free-standing.jpg}
\caption[Freestanding and loaf pan bread]{A freestanding sourdough bread
next to bread made in a loaf pan. Freestanding sourdough is considered
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ All the steps rely on each other. You will need to get each of
the steps right to make the perfect bread.
\section{Readying your starter}%
\label{section:readying-starter}
\label{sec:readying-starter}
The most crucial part of the bread-making process is your starter.
The starter is what starts the fermentation in your main dough.
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ make dough. You might use a maximum of \qty{20}{\percent} starter to
make dough. That's why I~advocate using a 1:5:5 ratio or a
1:10:10 ratio depending on how ripe your starter is. As I~almost
always use a stiffer sourdough starter due to its enhanced
yeast fermentation advantages (see Section~\ref{section:stiff-starter})
yeast fermentation advantages (see Section~\ref{sec:stiff-starter})
my ratio is never 1:5:5. My ratio would be 1:5:2.5 (1 part old starter,
5 parts flour, 2.5 parts water). If it is very warm where you live
you could opt for the aforementioned 1:10:5 or 1:20:10. This
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ recipe would look like this:
This is the beauty of baker's math. Simply recalculate the percentages, and you
are good to go. If you are unsure about how this works, please check out the
full Section~\ref{section:bakers-math} which looks at the topic in detail.
full Section~\ref{sec:bakers-math} which looks at the topic in detail.
\section{Hydration}
@@ -375,6 +376,7 @@ to feed your starter.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{window-pane-effect}
\caption[The window pane test]{The window pane test allows you to see if you
developed your gluten well enough.}
@@ -452,7 +454,7 @@ allows me to skip the so-called autolysis step completely (more in the next sect
This greatly simplifies the whole process.
\section{Autolysis}%
\label{section:autolysis}
\label{sec:autolysis}
Autolysis describes the process of just mixing flour and water and letting
this sit for a period of around 30~minutes up to several hours. After this
@@ -504,7 +506,7 @@ For that reason, I~am strongly advocating utilizing the fermentolysis approach
which greatly simplifies the mixing and kneading process.
\section{Fermentolysis}%
\label{section:fermentolysis}
\label{sec:fermentolysis}
The fermentolysis creates the same advantageous dough properties the
autolysis creates without the headache of mixing your dough twice. You do this
@@ -624,6 +626,7 @@ The elasticity is higher than the desire of the
dough to stick to the container.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{dough-strength-sourdough}
\caption[Dough strength over time with kneading]{A schematic visualization
of gluten development in sourdoughs with different kneading techniques.
@@ -640,6 +643,7 @@ much. This is a common problem beginners face. Sticky dough is frequently
the sign of a not well enough developed gluten network.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{dough-surface-touchpoints}
\caption[Touching the dough surface]{A schematic visualization of how a rough
dough surface creates more touch points compared to a smooth dough
@@ -679,6 +683,7 @@ becomes an impossible task. This is a frequent mistake I~see many
new bakers commit.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{dough-ball-steps}
\caption[Creating a smooth surface]{The transformation of a sticky dough
blob to a dough with a smooth surface. The goal is to reduce surface
@@ -716,7 +721,7 @@ Later, you don't have any room for error. Your technique has to be on point.
An over-pre-shaped dough can potentially not recover.
\section{Bulk fermentation}%
\label{section:bulk-fermentation}
\label{sec:bulk-fermentation}
After mixing the starter into your dough, the next stage of
the process known as bulk fermentation begins. The term
@@ -821,6 +826,7 @@ dough exactly on point.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{aliquot-before-after}
\caption[Aliquot Jar]{An aliquot jar to monitor the dough's fermentation
progress. It took 10~hours for the dough to reach a \qty{50}{\percent}
@@ -944,6 +950,7 @@ mentioned aliquot sample, look out for a size increase that works
for your sourdough composition.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{bulk-finished-dough}
\caption[Dough at the end of bulk fermentation]{A dough in a good state to
finish bulk fermentation. Notice the tiny bubbles on the dough's surface.
@@ -991,6 +998,7 @@ bread would feature an excellent, very tangy taste.
\section{Stretch and folds}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{dough-being-glued}
\caption[Gluing dough]{A dough where two sticky sides are being glued
together using a stretch and fold. This process creates excellent dough
@@ -1035,11 +1043,12 @@ large cavities in your final dough's crumb, then you might be able to fix that
by applying more stretch and folds\footnote{In many cases these cavities can
also happen when a dough does not ferment enough. The crumb is commonly called
Fool's Crumb. Refer to the later Debugging Crumb Structures chapter of this
book to learn more about it.}. Please refer to Section~\ref{section:debugging-crumb-structure}
``\nameref{section:debugging-crumb-structure}'' for more information on reading
book to learn more about it.}. Please refer to Section~\ref{sec:debugging-crumb-structure}
``\nameref{sec:debugging-crumb-structure}'' for more information on reading
your crumb.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{stretch-and-fold-steps}
\caption[Stretch and fold steps]{An overview of the steps involved to perform
stretch and folds for wheat-based doughs.}%
@@ -1091,6 +1100,7 @@ most of the gluten has broken down and you are already
in the decay stage shown in Figure~\ref{fig:dough-strength-sourdough}.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{dough-requiring-stretch-and-fold}
\caption[A flattened out dough]{A dough during bulk fermentation that has
flattened out. To improve its dough strength, a stretch and fold should
@@ -1135,6 +1145,7 @@ Quick movements with a knife or dough scraper help to prevent the
dough from sticking too much to your tools.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{divide-preshape}
\caption{The steps of dividing and preshaping your dough.}
\end{figure}
@@ -1173,6 +1184,7 @@ any room for error. The dough wouldn't come together again. The only way to
save such dough is to use a loaf pan.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{preshape-direction}
\caption[Dragging direction]{Drag the dough in the direction of the rough
surface area. This way you minimize the movements required to complete
@@ -1197,6 +1209,7 @@ numbers could be if you on purpose want to even out the crumb
structure of your final loaves further.
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{preshaped-dough}
\caption{Baguette doughs resting after preshaping.}%
\label{fig:dough-after-preshaping}
@@ -1287,6 +1300,7 @@ the surface.
\subsection[Flipping the dough]{Flip the dough over}
\begin{figure}[!htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{step-2-flipped-over}
\caption[Step 2 of shaping process]{A flipped-over dough. Note how the
sticky side is facing you while the floured side is facing the
@@ -1307,6 +1321,7 @@ sticky side is facing you.
\subsection[Create rectangular shape]{Make the dough rectangular}
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{step-3-rectangular}
\caption[Step 3 of shaping process]{A flipped-over dough. Note how the
sticky side is facing you while the floured side is facing the
@@ -1329,6 +1344,7 @@ your dough with the shown dough.
\subsection[Folding]{Fold the dough together}
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{step-4-folding}
\caption[Step 4 of shaping process]{The process of folding a batard. Note
how the rectangle is first glued together and then rolled inwards to
@@ -1371,7 +1387,7 @@ and the dough won't be able to hold its shape. In this case,
the best option is to use a loaf pan to bake your bread. The
final bread will taste amazing but not offer the same texture
a freestanding bread would offer. Please refer to
Section~\ref{section:debugging-crumb-structure} for more
Section~\ref{sec:debugging-crumb-structure} for more
details on how to properly read your dough's crumb structure.
\subsection[Sealing]{Sealing the edges}
@@ -1388,6 +1404,7 @@ from the other side as well.
\subsection[Proofing preparation]{Prepare for proofing}
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{step-6-prepare-proofing}
\caption[Step 5 of shaping process]{The shaped dough is ready for proofing
in the banneton. Note how the seam side is now facing you. The floured
@@ -1494,6 +1511,7 @@ works great if you make an overnight dough and then proof it the next
morning.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{step-13-finger-poke-test}
\caption[The finger poke test]{The finger poke test is a very reliable
method to check if your dough has been properly proofed. If the induced
@@ -1587,6 +1605,7 @@ greatly boosts the contrast of the scoring incisions and thus
makes the final pattern look more visually appealing.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{the-ear}
\caption[Bread's ear]{The ear is a characteristic that can be achieved on
wheat sourdough when fermenting and scoring your dough with the perfect
@@ -1602,6 +1621,7 @@ The dough's top side which was previously at the bottom of the
banneton should now be facing you.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{artistic-scoring}
\caption[Artistic scoring]{A loaf by Nancy~Anne featuring an artistic
scoring pattern. The high contrast was achieved by rubbing the dough's
@@ -1621,6 +1641,7 @@ and thus offers additional flavor. In my opinion, the ear turns
a good loaf into a great loaf.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{bread-scoring-angle}
\caption[Scoring angle]{The \ang{45}~angle at which you score the
dough is relative to the surface of the dough. When scoring more towards
@@ -1649,6 +1670,7 @@ ear. For this reason, drying out the surface is especially important. Scoring
will become a lot easier.
\begin{figure}[htb!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{dry-dough-surface}
\caption[Drying the dough surface]{By applying flour to your dough's surface
after shaping, the outer part of the dough dries out a little bit. This